@article{Bentin1996,
abstract = {Event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with face perception were recorded with scalp electrodes from normal volunteers. Subjects performed a visual target detection task in which they mentally counted the number of occurrences of pictorial stimuli from a designated category such us butterflies. In separate experiments, target stimuli were embedded within a series of other stimuli including unfamiliar human faces and isolated face components, inverted faces, distorted faces, animal faces, and other nonface stimuli. Unman faces evoked a negative potential at 172 msec (N170), which was absent from the ERPs elicited by other animate and inanimate nonface stimuli. N170 was largest over the posterior temporal scalp and was larger over the right than the left hemisphere. N170 was delayed when faces were presented upside-down, but its amplitude did not change. When presented in isolation, eyes elicited an N170 that was significantly larger than that elicited by whole faces, while noses and lips elicited small negative ERPs about 50 msec later than N170. Distorted human faces, in which the locations of inner face components were altered, elicited an N170 similar in amplitude to that elicited by normal faces. However, faces of animals, human hands, cars, and items of furniture did not evoke N170. N170 may reflect the operation of a neural mechanism tuned to detect (as opposed to identify) human faces, similar to the "structural encoder" suggested by Bruce and Young (1986). A similar function has been proposed for the face-selective N200 ERP recorded from the middle fusiform and posterior inferior temporal gyri using subdural electrodes in humans (Allison, McCarthy, Nobre, Puce, \& Belger, 1994c). However, the differential sensitivity of N170 to eyes in isolation suggests that N170 may reflect the activation of an eye-sensitive region of cortex. The voltage distribution of N170 over the scalp is consistent with a neural generator located in the occipitotemporal sulcus lateral to the fusiform/inferior temporal region that generates N200.},
author = {Bentin, Shlomo and Allison, Truett and Puce, Aina and Perez, Erik and McCarthy, Gregory},
doi = {10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551},
issn = {15308898},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
number = {6},
pages = {551--565},
pmid = {20740065},
publisher = {MIT Press},
title = {{Electrophysiological studies of face perception in humans}},
url = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn.1996.8.6.551},
volume = {8},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Benucci2007,
abstract = {The visual cortex represents stimuli through the activity of neuronal populations. We measured the evolution of this activity in space and time by imaging voltage-sensitive dyes in cat area V1. Contrast-reversing stimuli elicit responses that oscillate at twice the stimulus frequency, indicating that signals originate mostly in complex cells. These responses stand clear of the noise, whose amplitude decreases as 1/frequency, and yield high-resolution maps of orientation preference and retinotopy. We first show how these maps are combined to yield the responses to focal, oriented stimuli. We then study the evolution of the oscillating activity in space and time. In the orientation domain, it is a standing wave. In the spatial domain, it is a traveling wave propagating at 0.2-0.5 m/s. These different dynamics indicate a fundamental distinction in the circuits underlying selectivity for position and orientation, two key stimulus attributes.},
author = {Benucci, Andrea and Frazor, Robert A and Carandini, Matteo},
institution = {Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {1},
pages = {103--117},
publisher = {CELL PRESS},
title = {{Standing waves and traveling waves distinguish two circuits in visual cortex}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/8370/},
volume = {55},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Blair1993,
abstract = {Guthrie and Buchwald (1991) proposed an ad hoc procedure for assessing the statistical significance of waveform difference potentials that may arise in a variety of psychophysiology research contexts. In our paper, an alternative method is presented and demonstrated that has fewer underlying assumptions than does the Guthrie-Buchwald test and may, therefore, produce better results in some situations. In particular, the test proposed here (a) is distribution free, (b) requires no assumption of an underlying correlation structure (e.g., first-order autoregressive), (c) requires no estimate of the population autocorrelation coefficient, (d) is exact, (e) produces p values for any number of subjects and time points, and (f) is highly intuitive as well as theoretically justifiable. This procedure may be used to carry out multiple comparisons with exact specification of experiment-wise error, however, this test is based on permutation principles and may require large amounts of computer time for its implementation.},
author = {Blair, R C and Karniski, W},
institution = {Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612-3805.},
journal = {Psychophysiology},
number = {5},
pages = {518--524},
pmid = {8416078},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{An alternative method for significance testing of waveform difference potentials.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8416078},
volume = {30},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Boss1987,
abstract = {In a previous study it was found that there are significant differences in the numbers of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of adult Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats and also that the continued postnatal addition of new cells to the dentate gyrus has quite different consequences in the two strains. We have now extended these observations to the two major cytoarchitectonic fields of the hippocampus (the regio superior or field CA1; and the regio inferior or field CA3). The mean number of pyramidal neurons in field CA1 of 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats is 420,000 (+/- 60,000 S.E.), while Wistar rats at the same age have 320,000 (+/- 20,000). The numbers of neurons in field CA3 in the two strains are: 330,000 (+/- 30,000) and 210,000 (+/- 20,000), respectively. Whether these strain differences reflect specific differences in the neural organization of the hippocampal formation in the two strains, or are related to more general differences in total body weight or brain weight, is unknown. Since during the first two days postnatally we estimate that there are between 358,000 and 491,000 cells in field CA1 of Sprague-Dawley rats, it would seem that there is no significant naturally-occurring neuronal death in this hippocampal field. This may be due to the extensive collateral projections of the hippocampal pyramidal neurons.},
author = {Boss, B D and Turlejski, K and Stanfield, B B and Cowan, W M},
journal = {Brain Research},
keywords = {animals,cell count,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,inbred strains,newborn,rats,species specificity},
number = {1-2},
pages = {280--287},
pmid = {3567627},
title = {{On the numbers of neurons in fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3567627},
volume = {406},
year = {1987}
}
@article{Climer2013,
abstract = {Action potential timing is thought to play a critical role in neural representation. For example, theta phase precession is a robust phenomenon exhibited by spatial cells of the rat entorhinal-hippocampal circuit. In phase precession, the time a neuron fires relative to the phase of theta rhythm (6-10 Hz) oscillations in the local field potential reduces uncertainty about the position of the animal. This relationship between neural firing and behavior has made precession an important constraint for hypothetical mechanisms of temporal coding. However, challenges exist in identifying what regulates the spike timing of these cells. We have developed novel analytical techniques for mapping between behavior and neural firing that provide sufficient sensitivity to examine features of grid cell phase coding in open environments. Here, we show robust, omnidirectional phase precession by entorhinal grid cells in openfield enclosures. We present evidence that full phase precession persists regardless of how close the animal comes to the center of a firing field. Many conjunctive grid cells, previously thought to be phase locked, also exhibited phase coding. However, we were unable to detect directional- or field-specific phase coding predicted by some variants of models. Finally, we present data that suggest bursting of layer II grid cells contributes to the bimodality of phase precession. We discuss implications of these observations for models of temporal coding and propose the utility of these techniques in other domains where behavior is aligned to neural spiking.},
author = {Climer, Jason R and Newman, Ehren L and Hasselmo, Michael E},
doi = {10.1111/ejn.12256},
isbn = {1460-9568 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0953-816X (Linking)},
issn = {1460-9568},
journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
keywords = {medial entorhinal cortex,oscillatory interference,rat,spatial navigation,theta},
number = {4},
pages = {2526--41},
pmid = {23718553},
title = {{Phase coding by grid cells in unconstrained environments: two-dimensional phase precession.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718553},
volume = {38},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Coste2011,
abstract = {Recent studies have established a relation between ongoing brain activity fluctuations and intertrial variability in evoked neural responses, perception, and motor performance. Here, we extended these investigations into the domain of cognitive control. Using functional neuroimaging and a sparse event-related design (with long and unpredictable intervals), we measured ongoing activity fluctuations and evoked responses in volunteers performing a Stroop task with color-word interference. Across trials, prestimulus activity of several regions predicted subsequent response speed and across subjects this effect scaled with the Stroop effect size, being significant only in subjects manifesting behavioral interference. These effects occurred only in task relevant as the dorsal anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as ventral visual areas sensitive to color and visual words. Crucially, in subjects showing a Stroop effect, reaction times were faster when prestimulus activity was higher in task-relevant (color) regions and slower when activity was higher in irrelevant (word form) regions. These findings suggest that intrinsic brain activity fluctuations modulate neural mechanisms underpinning selective voluntary attention and cognitive control. Rephrased in terms of predictive coding models, ongoing activity can hence be considered a proxy of the precision (gain) with which prediction error signals are transmitted upon sensory stimulation.},
author = {Coste, CP and Sadaghiani, S and Friston, KJ and Kleinschmidt, A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coste et al. - 2011 - Ongoing Brain Activity Fluctuations Directly Account for Intertrial and Indirectly for Intersubject Variability in.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
keywords = {anterior cingulate cortex,area,attention,base line,behavior,bold fmri,cognitive control,conflict,executive function,functional connectivity,human brain,neuroimaging,resting state,synchronization,working memory performance},
number = {November},
pages = {2612--9},
publisher = {OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC},
title = {{Ongoing Brain Activity Fluctuations Directly Account for Intertrial and Indirectly for Intersubject Variability in Stroop Task Performance}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1316744/},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Czurko1999,
abstract = {In contrast to sensory cortical areas of the brain, the relevant physiological inputs to the hippocampus, leading to selective activation of pyramidal cells, are largely unknown. Pyramidal cells are thought to be phasically activated by spatial cues and a variety of sensory and motor stimuli. Here, we used a behavioural 'space clamp' method, which involved the confinement of the actively running animal in a defined position in space (running wheel) and kept sensory inputs constant. Twelve percent of the recorded CA1 pyramidal cells were selectively active while the rat was running in the wheel. Cell firing was specific to the direction of running and disappeared after rotating the recording apparatus. The discharge frequency of pyramidal cells and interneurons was sustained as long as the rat ran continuously in the wheel. Furthermore, the discharge frequency of pyramidal cells and interneurons increased with increasing running velocity, even though the frequency of hippocampal theta waves remained constant. The discharge frequency of some 'wheel-related' pyramidal cells could increase more than 10-fold between 10 and 100 cm/s, whereas the firing rate of 'non-wheel' cells remained constantly low. We hypothesize that: (i) a necessary condition for place-specific discharge of hippocampal pyramidal cells is the presence of theta oscillation; and (ii) relevant stimuli can tonically and selectively activate hippocampal pyramidal cells as long as theta activity is present.},
author = {Czurko, A.},
journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {Interneurons,Place cells,Rat,Theta activity,Velocity},
number = {1},
pages = {344--352},
pmid = {9987037},
title = {{Sustained activation of hippocampal pyramidal cells by 'space clamping' in a running wheel}},
volume = {11},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Engel2001,
abstract = {Classical theories of sensory processing view the brain as a passive, stimulus-driven device. By contrast, more recent approaches emphasize the constructive nature of perception, viewing it as an active and highly selective process. Indeed, there is ample evidence that the processing of stimuli is controlled by top-down influences that strongly shape the intrinsic dynamics of thalamocortical networks and constantly create predictions about forthcoming sensory events. We discuss recent experiments indicating that such predictions might be embodied in the temporal structure of both stimulus-evoked and ongoing activity, and that synchronous oscillations are particularly important in this process. Coherence among subthreshold membrane potential fluctuations could be exploited to express selective functional relationships during states of expectancy or attention, and these dynamic patterns could allow the grouping and selection of distributed neuronal responses for further processing.},
author = {Engel, A K and Fries, P and Singer, W},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Engel, Fries, Singer - 2001 - Dynamic predictions oscillations and synchrony in top-down processing.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Cellular Neurobiology Group, Institute for Medicine, Research Centre J\"{u}lich, 52425 J\"{u}lich, Germany. a.k.engel@fz-juelich.de},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,brain,brain physiology,haplorhini,humans,mental processes,models,motor activity,motor activity physiology,neurological,neurons,neurons physiology,oscillometry,pattern recognition,time factors,visual,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology},
number = {10},
pages = {704--716},
pmid = {11584308},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Dynamic predictions: oscillations and synchrony in top-down processing.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11584308},
volume = {2},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Eyherabide2013,
abstract = {Information may be encoded both in the individual activity of neurons and in the correlations between their activities. Understanding whether knowledge of noise correlations is required to decode all the encoded information is fundamental for constructing computational models, brain-machine interfaces, and neuroprosthetics. If correlations can be ignored with tolerable losses of information, the readout of neural signals is simplified dramatically. To that end, previous studies have constructed decoders assuming that neurons fire independently and then derived bounds for the information that is lost. However, here we show that previous bounds were not tight and overestimated the importance of noise correlations. In this study, we quantify the exact loss of information induced by ignoring noise correlations and show why previous estimations were not tight. Further, by studying the elementary parts of the decoding process, we determine when and why information is lost on a single-response basis. We introduce the minimum decoding error to assess the distinctive role of noise correlations under natural conditions. We conclude that all of the encoded information can be decoded without knowledge of noise correlations in many more situations than previously thought.},
author = {Eyherabide, Hugo Gabriel and Samengo, In\'{e}s},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Algorithms,Brain-Computer Interfaces,Computer Simulation,Humans,Models,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Synaptic Transmission,Synaptic Transmission: physiology},
number = {45},
pages = {17921--36},
pmid = {24198380},
title = {{When and why noise correlations are important in neural decoding.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24198380},
volume = {33},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Fries2005,
abstract = {At any one moment, many neuronal groups in our brain are active. Microelectrode recordings have characterized the activation of single neurons and fMRI has unveiled brain-wide activation patterns. Now it is time to understand how the many active neuronal groups interact with each other and how their communication is flexibly modulated to bring about our cognitive dynamics. I hypothesize that neuronal communication is mechanistically subserved by neuronal coherence. Activated neuronal groups oscillate and thereby undergo rhythmic excitability fluctuations that produce temporal windows for communication. Only coherently oscillating neuronal groups can interact effectively, because their communication windows for input and for output are open at the same times. Thus, a flexible pattern of coherence defines a flexible communication structure, which subserves our cognitive flexibility.},
author = {Fries, Pascal},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.011},
institution = {F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands. p.fries@fcdonders.ru.nl},
issn = {13646613},
journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,brain,brain physiology,cognition,cognition physiology,humans,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neurons,neurons physiology,nonlinear dynamics,periodicity,pyramidal tracts,pyramidal tracts physiology,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology},
number = {10},
pages = {474--80},
pmid = {16150631},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{A mechanism for cognitive dynamics: neuronal communication through neuronal coherence.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150631},
volume = {9},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Galton1880,
author = {Galton, F},
issn = {09595295},
journal = {Nature},
pages = {252--256},
publisher = {Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland},
title = {{Visualised numerals}},
volume = {21},
year = {1880}
}
@article{Hafting2008,
abstract = {Theta-phase precession in hippocampal place cells is one of the best-studied experimental models of temporal coding in the brain. Theta-phase precession is a change in spike timing in which the place cell fires at progressively earlier phases of the extracellular theta rhythm as the animal crosses the spatially restricted firing field of the neuron. Within individual theta cycles, this phase advance results in a compressed replication of the firing sequence of consecutively activated place cells along the animal's trajectory, at a timescale short enough to enable spike-time-dependent plasticity between neurons in different parts of the sequence. The neuronal circuitry required for phase precession has not yet been established. The fact that phase precession can be seen in hippocampal output stuctures such as the prefrontal cortex suggests either that efferent structures inherit the precession from the hippocampus or that it is generated locally in those structures. Here we show that phase precession is expressed independently of the hippocampus in spatially modulated grid cells in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex, one synapse upstream of the hippocampus. Phase precession is apparent in nearly all principal cells in layer II but only sparsely in layer III. The precession in layer II is not blocked by inactivation of the hippocampus, suggesting that the phase advance is generated in the grid cell network. The results point to possible mechanisms for grid formation and raise the possibility that hippocampal phase precession is inherited from entorhinal cortex.},
author = {Hafting, Torkel and Fyhn, Marianne and Bonnevie, Tora and Moser, May-Britt and Moser, Edvard I},
institution = {Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {animals,electroencephalography,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex cytology,entorhinal cortex physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,long evans,male,models,neurological,rats,running,running physiology,theta rhythm},
number = {7199},
pages = {1248--1252},
pmid = {18480753},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Hippocampus-independent phase precession in entorhinal grid cells.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480753},
volume = {453},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Hoey1999,
author = {Hoey, G Van and Walle, R Van De and Vanrumste, B and Hav, M D},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Hoey et al. - 1999 - Beamforming Techniques Applied in EEG Source Analysis.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9073461189},
journal = {Proc. ProRISC99},
pages = {545--549},
title = {{Beamforming Techniques Applied in EEG Source Analysis}},
volume = {10},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Hubbard2005,
abstract = {Since the time of Pythagoras, numerical and spatial representations have been inextricably linked. We suggest that the relationship between the two is deeply rooted in the brain's organization for these capacities. Many behavioural and patient studies have shown that numerical-spatial interactions run far deeper than simply cultural constructions, and, instead, influence behaviour at several levels. By combining two previously independent lines of research, neuroimaging studies of numerical cognition in humans, and physiological studies of spatial cognition in monkeys, we propose that these numerical-spatial interactions arise from common parietal circuits for attention to external space and internal representations of numbers.},
author = {Hubbard, Edward M and Piazza, Manuela and Pinel, Philippe and Dehaene, Stanislas},
doi = {10.1038/nrn1684},
issn = {1471-003X},
journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
keywords = {Humans,Mathematics,Models, Neurological,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology},
month = jun,
number = {6},
pages = {435--48},
pmid = {15928716},
title = {{Interactions between number and space in parietal cortex.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15928716},
volume = {6},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Huxter2008,
abstract = {Temporal coding is a means of representing information by the time, as opposed to the rate, at which neurons fire. Evidence of temporal coding in the hippocampus comes from place cells, whose spike times relative to theta oscillations reflect a rat's position while running along stereotyped trajectories. This arises from the backwards shift in cell firing relative to local theta oscillations (phase precession). Here we demonstrate phase precession during place-field crossings in an open-field foraging task. This produced spike sequences in each theta cycle that disambiguate the rat's trajectory through two-dimensional space and can be used to predict movement direction. Furthermore, position and movement direction were maximally predicted from firing in the early and late portions of the theta cycle, respectively. This represents the first direct evidence of a combined representation of position, trajectory and heading in the hippocampus, organized on a fine temporal scale by theta oscillations.},
author = {Huxter, John R and Senior, Timothy J and Allen, Kevin and Csicsvari, Jozsef},
doi = {10.1038/nn.2106},
issn = {10976256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
number = {5},
pages = {587--94},
pmid = {18425124},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Theta phase-specific codes for two-dimensional position, trajectory and heading in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425124},
volume = {11},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Jadhav2012,
abstract = {The hippocampus is critical for spatial learning and memory. Hippocampal neurons in awake animals exhibit place field activity that encodes current location, as well as sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity during which representations based on past experiences are often replayed. The relationship between these patterns of activity and the memory functions of the hippocampus is poorly understood. We interrupted awake SWRs in animals learning a spatial alternation task. We observed a specific learning and performance deficit that persisted throughout training. This deficit was associated with awake SWR activity, as SWR interruption left place field activity and post-experience SWR reactivation intact. These results provide a link between awake SWRs and hippocampal memory processes, which suggests that awake replay of memory-related information during SWRs supports learning and memory-guided decision-making.},
author = {Jadhav, S. P. and Kemere, C. and German, P. W. and Frank, L. M.},
doi = {10.1126/science.1217230},
isbn = {0036807510959203},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science},
number = {6087},
pages = {1454--1458},
pmid = {22555434},
title = {{Awake Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples Support Spatial Memory}},
volume = {336},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Jin2004,
abstract = {Sensory neurons in many brain areas spike with precise timing to stimuli with temporal structures, and encode temporally complex stimuli into spatiotemporal spikes. How the downstream neurons read out such neural code is an important unsolved problem. In this paper, we describe a decoding scheme using a spiking recurrent neural network. The network consists of excitatory neurons that form a synfire chain, and two globally inhibitory interneurons of different types that provide delayed feedforward and fast feedback inhibition, respectively. The network signals recognition of a specific spatiotemporal sequence when the last excitatory neuron down the synfire chain spikes, which happens if and only if that sequence was present in the input spike stream. The recognition scheme is invariant to variations in the intervals between input spikes within some range. The computation of the network can be mapped into that of a finite state machine. Our network provides a simple way to decode spatiotemporal spikes with diverse types of neurons.},
author = {Jin, Dezhe},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021905},
issn = {15393755},
journal = {Physical Review E},
number = {2},
pages = {1--13},
title = {{Spiking neural network for recognizing spatiotemporal sequences of spikes}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021905},
volume = {69},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Kamondi1998,
abstract = {Theta frequency field oscillation reflects synchronized synaptic potentials that entrain the discharge of neuronal populations within the approximately 100-200 ms range. The cellular-synaptic generation of theta activity in the hippocampus was investigated by intracellular recordings from the somata and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells in urethane-anesthetized rats. The recorded neurons were verified by intracellular injection of biocytin. Transition from non-theta to theta state was characterized by a large decrease in the input resistance of the neuron (39\% in the soma), tonic somatic hyperpolarization and dendritic depolarization. The probability of pyramidal cell discharge, as measured in single cells and from a population of extracellularly recorded units, was highest at or slightly after the negative peak of the field theta recorded from the pyramidal layer. In contrast, cyclic depolarizations in dendrites corresponded to the positive phase of the pyramidal layer field theta (i.e. the hyperpolarizing phase of somatic theta). Current-induced depolarization of the dendrite triggered large amplitude slow spikes (putative Ca2+ spikes) which were phase-locked to the positive phase of field theta. In the absence of background theta, strong dendritic depolarization by current injection led to large amplitude, self-sustained oscillation in the theta frequency range. Depolarization of the neuron resulted in a voltage-dependent phase precession of the action potentials. The voltage-dependent phase-precession was replicated by a two-compartment conductance model. Using an active (bursting) dendritic compartment spike phase advancement of action potentials, relative to the somatic theta rhythm, occurred up to 360 degrees. These data indicate that distal dendritic depolarization of the pyramidal cell by the entorhinal input during theta overlaps in time with somatic hyperpolarization. As a result, most pyramidal cells are either silent or discharge with single spikes on the negative portion of local field theta (i.e., when the somatic region is least polarized). However, strong dendritic excitation may overcome perisomatic inhibition and the large depolarizing theta rhythm in the dendrites may induce spike bursts at an earlier phase of the extracellular theta cycle. The magnitude of dendritic depolarization is reflected by the timing of action potentials within the theta cycle. We hypothesize that the competition between the out-of-phase theta oscillation in the soma and dendrite is responsible for the advancement of spike discharges observed in the behaving animal.},
author = {Kamondi, A and Acs\'{a}dy, L and Wang, X J and Buzs\'{a}ki, G},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {dendrites,ing,inhibition,input resistance,network,resonance,spike tim,temporal coding},
number = {3},
pages = {244--261},
pmid = {9662139},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{Theta oscillations in somata and dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells in vivo: activity-dependent phase-precession of action potentials.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9662139},
volume = {8},
year = {1998}
}
@article{King2013,
abstract = {Sparse coding models of natural scenes can account for several physiological properties of primary visual cortex (V1), including the shapes of simple cell receptive fields (RFs) and the highly kurtotic firing rates of V1 neurons. Current spiking network models of pattern learning and sparse coding require direct inhibitory connections between the excitatory simple cells, in conflict with the physiological distinction between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons (Dale's Law). At the same time, the computational role of inhibitory neurons in cortical microcircuit function has yet to be fully explained. Here we show that adding a separate population of inhibitory neurons to a spiking model of V1 provides conformance to Dale's Law, proposes a computational role for at least one class of interneurons, and accounts for certain observed physiological properties in V1. When trained on natural images, this excitatory-inhibitory spiking circuit learns a sparse code with Gabor-like RFs as found in V1 using only local synaptic plasticity rules. The inhibitory neurons enable sparse code formation by suppressing predictable spikes, which actively decorrelates the excitatory population. The model predicts that only a small number of inhibitory cells is required relative to excitatory cells and that excitatory and inhibitory input should be correlated, in agreement with experimental findings in visual cortex. We also introduce a novel local learning rule that measures stimulus-dependent correlations between neurons to support "explaining away" mechanisms in neural coding.},
author = {King, Paul D and Zylberberg, Joel and DeWeese, Michael R},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4188-12.2013},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Computer Simulation,Humans,Interneurons,Interneurons: physiology,Learning,Learning: physiology,Models,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: cytology,Nerve Net: physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: physiology,Neurological,Nonlinear Dynamics,Predictive Value of Tests,Statistics as Topic,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: cytology},
number = {13},
pages = {5475--85},
pmid = {23536063},
title = {{Inhibitory interneurons decorrelate excitatory cells to drive sparse code formation in a spiking model of V1.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23536063},
volume = {33},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Leopold2002,
abstract = {During the viewing of certain patterns, widely known as ambiguous or puzzle figures, perception lapses into a sequence of spontaneous alternations, switching every few seconds between two or more visual interpretations of the stimulus. Although their nature and origin remain topics of debate, these stochastic switches are generally thought to be the automatic and inevitable consequence of viewing a pattern without a unique solution. We report here that in humans such perceptual alternations can be slowed, and even brought to a standstill, if the visual stimulus is periodically removed from view. We also show, with a visual illusion, that this stabilizing effect hinges on perceptual disappearance rather than on actual removal of the stimulus. These findings indicate that uninterrupted subjective perception of an ambiguous pattern is required for the initiation of the brain-state changes underlying multistable vision.},
author = {Leopold, David A and Wilke, Melanie and Maier, Alexander and Logothetis, Nikos K},
chapter = {605},
doi = {10.1038/nn851},
institution = {Max Planck Institut f\"{u}r biologische Kybernetik, Spemannstrabetae 38, 72076 T\"{u}bingen, Germany. david.leopold@tuebingen.mpg.de},
issn = {10976256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
keywords = {adolescent,adult,female,humans,male,optical illusions,optical illusions physiology,photic stimulation,photic stimulation methods,time factors,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {6},
pages = {605--9},
pmid = {11992115},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Stable perception of visually ambiguous patterns.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11992115},
volume = {5},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Linkenkaer-Hansen2004,
abstract = {The presence of various ongoing oscillations in the brain is correlated with behavioral states such as restful wakefulness or drowsiness. However, even when subjects aim to maintain a high level of vigilance, ongoing oscillations exhibit large amplitude variability on time scales of hundreds of milliseconds to seconds, suggesting that the functional state of local cortical networks is continuously changing. How this volatility of ongoing oscillations influences the perception of sensory stimuli has remained essentially unknown. We investigated the relationship between prestimulus neuronal oscillations and the subjects' ability to consciously perceive and react to somatosensory stimuli near the threshold of detection. We show that, for prestimulus oscillations at approximately 10, 20, and 40 Hz detected over the sensorimotor cortex, intermediate amplitudes were associated with the highest probability of conscious detection and the shortest reaction times. In contrast, for 10 and 20 Hz prestimulus oscillations detected over the parietal region, the largest amplitudes were associated with the best performance. Our data indicate that the prestimulus oscillatory activity detected over sensorimotor and parietal cortices has a profound effect on the processing of weak stimuli. Furthermore, the results suggest that ongoing oscillations in sensory cortices may optimize the processing of sensory stimuli with the same mechanism as noise sources in intrinsic stochastic resonance.},
author = {Linkenkaer-Hansen, Klaus and Nikulin, Vadim V and Palva, Satu and Ilmoniemi, Risto J and Palva, J Matias},
institution = {BioMag Laboratory, Engineering Centre, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki FIN-00029 HUS, Finland. k.linkenkaer@nih.knaw.nl},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {adult,afferent,afferent physiology,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,electric stimulation,female,fingers,fingers physiology,humans,magnetoencephalography,male,motor cortex,motor cortex physiology,neurons,parietal lobe,parietal lobe physiology,psychological,psychological physiology,psychomotor performance,psychomotor performance physiology,sensory thresholds,sensory thresholds physiology,signal detection,somatosensory cortex,somatosensory cortex physiology,stochastic processes,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology,touch,touch physiology},
number = {45},
pages = {10186--10190},
pmid = {15537890},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Prestimulus oscillations enhance psychophysical performance in humans.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15537890},
volume = {24},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Litvak2011,
abstract = {SPM is a free and open source software written in MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc.). In addition to standard M/EEG preprocessing, we presently offer three main analysis tools: (i) statistical analysis of scalp-maps, time-frequency images, and volumetric 3D source reconstruction images based on the general linear model, with correction for multiple comparisons using random field theory; (ii) Bayesian M/EEG source reconstruction, including support for group studies, simultaneous EEG and MEG, and fMRI priors; (iii) dynamic causal modelling (DCM), an approach combining neural modelling with data analysis for which there are several variants dealing with evoked responses, steady state responses (power spectra and cross-spectra), induced responses, and phase coupling. SPM8 is integrated with the FieldTrip toolbox , making it possible for users to combine a variety of standard analysis methods with new schemes implemented in SPM and build custom analysis tools using powerful graphical user interface (GUI) and batching tools.},
author = {Litvak, Vladimir and Mattout, J\'{e}r\'{e}mie and Kiebel, Stefan and Phillips, Christophe and Henson, Richard and Kilner, James and Barnes, Gareth and Oostenveld, Robert and Daunizeau, Jean and Flandin, Guillaume and Penny, Will and Friston, Karl},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Litvak et al. - 2011 - EEG and MEG Data Analysis in SPM8.pdf:pdf},
institution = {The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK. v.litvak@ion.ucl.ac.uk},
journal = {Computational intelligence and neuroscience},
number = {44},
pages = {852961},
publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
title = {{EEG and MEG Data Analysis in SPM8}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301285/},
volume = {2011},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Mason2007,
abstract = {Despite evidence pointing to a ubiquitous tendency of human minds to wander, little is known about the neural operations that support this core component of human cognition. Using both thought sampling and brain imaging, the current investigation demonstrated that mind-wandering is associated with activity in a default network of cortical regions that are active when the brain is "at rest." In addition, individuals' reports of the tendency of their minds to wander were correlated with activity in this network.},
author = {Mason, Malia F and Norton, Michael I and {Van Horn}, John D and Wegner, Daniel M and Grafton, Scott T and Macrae, C Neil},
doi = {10.1126/science.1131295},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mason et al. - 2007 - Wandering minds the default network and stimulus-independent thought.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {Attention,Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Cognition,Fantasy,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Thinking,Thinking: physiology},
month = jan,
number = {5810},
pages = {393--5},
pmid = {17234951},
title = {{Wandering minds: the default network and stimulus-independent thought.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1821121\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {315},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Mathewson2009,
abstract = {We often fail to see something that at other times is readily detectable. Because the visual stimulus itself is unchanged, this variability in conscious awareness is likely related to changes in the brain. Here we show that the phase of EEG alpha rhythm measured over posterior brain regions can reliably predict both subsequent visual detection and stimulus-elicited cortical activation levels in a metacontrast masking paradigm. When a visual target presentation coincides with the trough of an alpha wave, cortical activation is suppressed as early as 100 ms after stimulus onset, and observers are less likely to detect the target. Thus, during one alpha cycle lasting 100 ms, the human brain goes through a rapid oscillation in excitability, which directly influences the probability that an environmental stimulus will reach conscious awareness. Moreover, ERPs to the appearance of a fixation cross before the target predict its detection, further suggesting that cortical excitability level may mediate target detection. A novel theory of cortical inhibition is proposed in which increased alpha power represents a "pulsed inhibition" of cortical activity that affects visual awareness.},
author = {Mathewson, Kyle E and Gratton, Gabriele and Fabiani, Monica and Beck, Diane M and Ro, Tony},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3963-08.2009},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Awareness,Awareness: physiology,Contrast Sensitivity,Electroencephalography,Electrophysiology,Evoked Potentials,Female,Fixation,Humans,Male,Ocular,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Visual,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology,Visual: physiology,Young Adult},
month = mar,
number = {9},
pages = {2725--2732},
pmid = {19261866},
title = {{To see or not to see: prestimulus alpha phase predicts visual awareness.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2724892\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Maurer2011,
abstract = {Hebb (1949) described a "phase sequence" to be the sequential activation of sets of cell assemblies. Within the hippocampus, cell assemblies have been described as groups of coactive neurons whose place fields overlap. Membership of assemblies in a phase sequence changes systematically as a rat travels through an environment, serving to accelerate the temporal order that place fields are encountered during a single theta cycle. This sweeping forward of network activity ("look ahead"), results in locations in front of the animal being transiently represented. In this experiment, a population vector-based reconstruction method was used to capture the look ahead and reveals that the composition of the phase sequence changes with velocity, such that more cell assemblies are active within a theta cycle at higher running speeds. These results are consistent with hypotheses suggesting that hippocampal networks generate short time scale predictions of future events to optimize behavior. 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
author = {Maurer, Andrew P and Burke, Sara N and Lipa, Peter and Skaggs, William E and Barnes, Carol A},
doi = {10.1002/hipo.20936},
issn = {10981063},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {ca1,phase precession,place cells,rat,theta},
pages = {737--747},
pmid = {21538659},
title = {{Greater running speeds result in altered hippocampal phase sequence dynamics.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538659},
volume = {747},
year = {2011}
}
@article{guarding,
abstract = {The massive visual input from the eye to the brain requires selective processing of some visual information at the expense of other information, a process referred to as visual attention. Increases in the responses of visual neurons with attention have been extensively studied along the visual processing streams in monkey cerebral cortex, from primary visual areas to parietal and frontal cortex. Here we show, by recording neurons in attending macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), that attention modulates visual signals before they even reach cortex by increasing responses of both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the first relay between retina and cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). At the same time, attention decreases neuronal responses in the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Crick argued for such modulation of the LGN by observing that it is inhibited by the TRN, and suggested that "if the thalamus is the gateway to the cortex, the reticular complex might be described as the guardian of the gateway", a reciprocal relationship we now show to be more than just hypothesis. The reciprocal modulation in LGN and TRN appears only during the initial visual response, but the modulation of LGN reappears later in the response, suggesting separate early and late sources of attentional modulation in LGN.},
author = {McAlonan, Kerry and Cavanaugh, James and Wurtz, Robert H},
doi = {10.1038/nature07382},
issn = {1476-4687},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = { attention, general, jie, kristina, neural-organization, shiva, wow,arash},
month = nov,
number = {7220},
pages = {391--394},
pmid = {18849967},
title = {{Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07382},
volume = {456},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Nirenberg2003,
abstract = {It has been known for >30 years that neuronal spike trains exhibit correlations, that is, the occurrence of a spike at one time is not independent of the occurrence of spikes at other times, both within spike trains from single neurons and across spike trains from multiple neurons. The presence of these correlations has led to the proposal that they might form a key element of the neural code. Specifically, they might act as an extra channel for information, carrying messages about events in the outside world that are not carried by other aspects of the spike trains, such as firing rate. Currently, there is no general consensus about whether this proposal applies to real spike trains in the nervous system. This is largely because it has been hard to separate information carried in correlations from that not carried in correlations. Here we propose a framework for performing this separation. Specifically, we derive an information-theoretic cost function that measures how much harder it is to decode neuronal responses when correlations are ignored than when they are taken into account. This cost function can be readily applied to real neuronal data.},
author = {Nirenberg, Sheila and Latham, Peter E},
institution = {Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA. sheilan@ucla.edu},
journal = {PNAS},
number = {12},
pages = {7348--7353},
title = {{Decoding neuronal spike trains: how important are correlations?}},
volume = {100},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Okazaki2008,
abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to examine by whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain oscillatory responses related to visual perceptual change of short-term duration in the absence of morphologic change. Twenty healthy volunteers participated in this study. We used three pictures: a bistable picture with ambiguous contours that could represent two different objects ('target') and two preceding pictures that were clear representations of either object ('face' or 'saxophone'). Two types of stimulus conditions were created, the 'face-target' (F-T) condition and the 'saxophone-target' (S-T) condition, and data acquisition was performed mainly during presentation of the 'target' picture. Time-frequency analysis was performed by means of fast Fourier transform. All subjects reported that they perceived the 'target' picture predominantly as a 'face' regardless of the preceding picture. We suspect that perceptual change occurred more frequently in the S-T condition than in the F-T condition. We found significantly greater synchronization in the beta (14-30-Hz) frequency band, ranging from 250 to 450ms predominantly over the occipital and parietal regions, after stimulus alternation for the S-T condition than for the F-T condition. Results of the present study show that the change in beta-band activity reflects a change in visual perception.},
author = {Okazaki, Mitsutoshi and Kaneko, Yuu and Yumoto, Masato and Arima, Kunimasa},
institution = {Section of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. okazakim@ncnp.go.jp},
journal = {Neuroscience Research},
keywords = {adult,beta rhythm,brain,brain mapping,brain physiology,functional laterality,humans,magnetoencephalography,male,pattern recognition,photic stimulation,photic stimulation methods,spectrum analysis,time factors,visual,visual physiology},
number = {3},
pages = {319--328},
pmid = {18468708},
title = {{Perceptual change in response to a bistable picture increases neuromagnetic beta-band activities.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468708},
volume = {61},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Pitts2011,
abstract = {The temporal sequence of neural processes supporting figure-ground perception was investigated by recording ERPs associated with subjects' perceptions of the face-vase figure. In Experiment 1, subjects continuously reported whether they perceived the face or the vase as the foreground figure by pressing one of two buttons. Each button press triggered a probe flash to the face region, the vase region, or the borders between the two. The N170/vertex positive potential (VPP) component of the ERP elicited by probes to the face region was larger when subjects perceived the faces as figure. Preceding the N170/VPP, two additional components were identified. First, when the borders were probed, ERPs differed in amplitude as early as 110 msec after probe onset depending on subjects' figure-ground perceptions. Second, when the face or vase regions were probed, ERPs were more positive (at 150-200 msec) when that region was perceived as figure versus background. These components likely reflect an early "border ownership" stage, and a subsequent "figure-ground segregation" stage of processing. To explore the influence of attention on these stages of processing, two additional experiments were conducted. In Experiment 2, subjects selectively attended to the face or vase region, and the same early ERP components were again produced. In Experiment 3, subjects performed an identical selective attention task, but on a display lacking distinctive figure-ground borders, and neither of the early components were produced. Results from these experiments suggest sequential stages of processing underlying figure-ground perception, each which are subject to modifications by selective attention.},
author = {Pitts, Michael A and Mart\'{\i}nez, Ant\'{\i}gona and Brewer, James B and Hillyard, Steven A},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pitts et al. - 2011 - Early stages of figure-ground segregation during perception of the face-vase.pdf:pdf},
institution = {School of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0608, La Jolla, CA 92093-0608, USA. michaelapitts@ucsd.edu},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
number = {4},
pages = {880--895},
publisher = {MIT Press238 Main St., Suite 500, Cambridge, MA 02142-1046USAjournals-info@mit.edu},
title = {{Early stages of figure-ground segregation during perception of the face-vase.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3071650\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {23},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Skaggs1996,
abstract = {O'Keefe and Recce 1993 Hippocampus 3:317-330 described an interaction between the hippocampal theta rhythm and the spatial firing of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus: they found that a cell's spike activity advances to earlier phases of the theta cycle as the rat passes through the cell's place field. The present study makes use of large-scale parallel recordings to clarify and extend this finding in several ways: 1) Most CA1 pyramidal cells show maximal activity at the same phase of the theta cycle. Although individual units exhibit deeper modulation, the depth of modulation of CA1 population activity is about 50\%. The peak firing of inhibitory interneurons in CA1 occurs about 60 degrees in advance of the peak firing of pyramidal cells, but different interneurons vary widely in their peak phases. 2) The first spikes, as the rat enters a pyramidal cell's place field, come 90 degrees-120 degrees after the phase of maximal pyramidal cell population activity, near the phase where inhibition is least. 3) The phase advance is typically an accelerating, rather than linear, function of position within the place field. 4) These phenomena occur both on linear tracks and in two-dimensional environments where locomotion is not constrained to specific paths. 5) In two-dimensional environments, place-related firing is more spatially specific during the early part of the theta cycle than during the late part. This is also true, to a lesser extent, on a linear track. Thus, spatial selectivity waxes and wanes over the theta cycle. 6) Granule cells of the fascia dentata are also modulated by theta. The depth of modulation for the granule cell population approaches 100\%, and the peak activity of the granule cell population comes about 90 degrees earlier in the theta cycle than the peak firing of CA1 pyramidal cells. 7) Granule cells, like pyramidal cells, show robust phase precession. 8) Cross-correlation analysis shows that portions of the temporal sequence of CA1 pyramidal cell place fields are replicated repeatedly within individual theta cycles, in highly compressed form. The compression ratio can be as much as 10:1. These findings indicate that phase precession is a very robust effect, distributed across the entire hippocampal population, and that it is likely to be inherited from the fascia dentata or an earlier stage in the hippocampal circuit, rather than generated intrinsically within CA1. It is hypothesized that the compression of temporal sequences of place fields within individual theta cycles permits the use of long-term potentiation for learning of sequential structure, thereby giving a temporal dimension to hippocampal memory traces.},
author = {Skaggs, W E and McNaughton, B L and Wilson, M A and Barnes, C A},
institution = {ARL Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724, USA.},
journal = {Hippocampus},
number = {2},
pages = {149--172},
pmid = {8797016},
title = {{Theta phase precession in hippocampal neuronal populations and the compression of temporal sequences.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8797016},
volume = {6},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Stark2013,
abstract = {Both circuit and single-cell properties contribute to network rhythms. Invitro, pyramidal cells exhibit theta-band membrane potential (subthreshold) resonance, but whether and how subthreshold resonance translates into spiking resonance in freely behaving animals is unknown. Here, we used optogenetic activation to trigger spiking in pyramidal cells or parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons (PV) in the hippocampus and neocortex of freely behaving rodents. Individual directly activated pyramidal cells exhibited narrow-band spiking centered on a wide range of frequencies. In contrast, PV photoactivation indirectly induced theta-band-limited, excess postinhibitory spiking in pyramidal cells (resonance). PV-inhibited pyramidal cells and interneurons spiked at PV-inhibition troughs, similar to CA1 cells during spontaneous theta oscillations. Pharmacological blockade of hyperpolarization-activated (Ih) currents abolished theta resonance. Inhibition-induced theta-band spiking was replicated in a pyramidal cell-interneuronmodel that included Ih. Thus, PV interneurons mediate pyramidal cell spiking resonance in intact cortical networks, favoring transmission at theta frequency.},
author = {Stark, Eran and Eichler, Ronny and Roux, Lisa and Fujisawa, Shigeyoshi and Rotstein, Horacio G. and Buzsaki, Gyorgy},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {5},
pages = {1263--1276},
pmid = {24314731},
title = {{Inhibition-Induced theta resonance in cortical circuits}},
volume = {80},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Stensola2012,
abstract = {The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain's circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether the grid system operates as a unified system or a conglomerate of independent modules. Here we show with recordings from up to 186 grid cells in individual rats that grid cells cluster into a small number of layer-spanning anatomically overlapping modules with distinct scale, orientation, asymmetry and theta-frequency modulation. These modules can respond independently to changes in the geometry of the environment. The discrete topography of the grid-map, and the apparent autonomy of the modules, differ from the graded topography of maps for continuous variables in several sensory systems, raising the possibility that the modularity of the grid map is a product of local self-organizing network dynamics.},
author = {Stensola, Hanne and Stensola, Tor and Solstad, Trygve and Fr\o land, Kristian and Moser, May-Britt and Moser, Edvard I},
doi = {10.1038/nature11649},
institution = {Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. hanne.stensola@ntnu.no},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {\&,anatomy,animals; entorhinal cortex,histology,long evans; theta rhythm,neurological; orientation; rats; rats,physiology,physiology; environment; ma},
number = {7427},
pages = {72--78},
pmid = {23222610},
title = {{The entorhinal grid map is discretized.}},
volume = {492},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sterzer2009,
abstract = {Multistable perception is the spontaneous alternation between two or more perceptual states that occurs when sensory information is ambiguous. Multistable phenomena permit dissociation of neural activity related to conscious perception from that related to sensory stimulation, and therefore have been used extensively to study the neural correlates of consciousness. Here, we review recent work on the neural mechanisms underlying multistable perception and how such work has contributed to understanding the neural correlates of consciousness. Particular emphasis is put on the role of high-level brain mechanisms that are involved in actively selecting and interpreting sensory information, and their interactions with lower-level processes that are more directly concerned with the processing of sensory stimulus properties.},
author = {Sterzer, Philipp and Kleinschmidt, Andreas and Rees, Geraint},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.006},
issn = {1364-6613},
journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
keywords = {Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: anatomy \& histology,Brain: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Perception,Perception: classification,Perception: physiology,Physical Stimulation},
month = jul,
number = {7},
pages = {310--8},
pmid = {19540794},
title = {{The neural bases of multistable perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19540794},
volume = {13},
year = {2009}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011x,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011a,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011n,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Thut2006,
abstract = {Covertly directing visual attention toward a spatial location in the absence of visual stimulation enhances future visual processing at the attended position. The neuronal correlates of these attention shifts involve modulation of neuronal "baseline" activity in early visual areas, presumably through top-down control from higher-order attentional systems. We used electroencephalography to study the largely unknown relationship between these neuronal modulations and behavioral outcome in an attention orienting paradigm. Covert visuospatial attention shifts to either a left or right peripheral position in the absence of visual stimulation resulted in differential modulations of oscillatory alpha-band (8-14 Hz) activity over left versus right posterior sites. These changes were driven by varying degrees of alpha-decreases being maximal contralateral to the attended position. When expressed as a lateralization index, these alpha-changes differed significantly between attention conditions, with negative values (alpha\_right < alpha\_left) indexing leftward and more positive values (alpha\_left < or = alpha\_right) indexing rightward attention. Moreover, this index appeared deterministic for processing of forthcoming visual targets. Collapsed over trials, there was an advantage for left target processing in accordance with an overall negative bias in alpha-index values. Across trials, left targets were detected most rapidly when preceded by negative index values. Detection of right targets was fastest in trials with most positive values. Our data indicate that collateral modulations of posterior alpha-activity, the momentary bias of visuospatial attention, and imminent visual processing are linked. They suggest that the momentary direction of attention, predicting spatial biases in imminent visual processing, can be estimated from a lateralization index of posterior alpha-activity.},
author = {Thut, Gregor and Nietzel, Annika and Brandt, Stephan a and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0875-06.2006},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Attention,Attention: physiology,Bias (Epidemiology),Cues,Evoked Potentials,Female,Fixation,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Predictive Value of Tests,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Visual,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Visual Pathways: physiology,Visual: physiology},
month = sep,
number = {37},
pages = {9494--502},
pmid = {16971533},
title = {{Alpha-band electroencephalographic activity over occipital cortex indexes visuospatial attention bias and predicts visual target detection.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971533},
volume = {26},
year = {2006}
}
@article{actdep2,
author = {Turrigiano, G G and Leslie, K R and Nelson, S B},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {ltp},
pages = {892},
title = {{Activity-Dependent Scaling of Quantal Amplitude in Neocortical Neurons.}},
volume = {391},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Witter2006,
abstract = {It has recently been recognized that the entorhinal cortex has a crucial role in spatial representation and navigation. How the position of an animal is computed within the entorhinal circuitry remains to be determined, but the architectural organization of this brain area might provide some clues. Here, we review three organizational principles-recurrent connectivity, interlaminar connectivity and modular organization-and propose how each of them might contribute to the emergence and maintenance of positional representations in entorhinal neural networks.},
author = {Witter, Menno P and Moser, Edvard I},
institution = {Research Institute Neurosciences, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. mp.witter@vumc.nl},
journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
keywords = {animals,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex cytology,entorhinal cortex physiology,humans,neural pathways,space perception,space perception physiology},
number = {12},
pages = {671--678},
pmid = {17069897},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Spatial representation and the architecture of the entorhinal cortex.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17069897},
volume = {29},
year = {2006}
}
@article{wong,
author = {Wong, Rachel O L},
journal = {Annual Review of Neuroscience},
keywords = {nn},
pages = {29--47},
title = {{Retinal Waves and Visual System Development}},
volume = {22},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Zohary1994,
abstract = {Single neurons can signal subtle changes in the sensory environment with surprising fidelity, often matching the perceptual sensitivity of trained psychophysical observers. This similarity poses an intriguing puzzle: why is psychophysical sensitivity not greater than that of single neurons? Pooling responses across neurons should average out noise in the activity of single cells, leading to substantially improved psychophysical performance. If, however, noise is correlated among these neurons, the beneficial effects of pooling would be diminished. To assess correlation within a pool, the responses of pairs of neurons were recorded simultaneously during repeated stimulus presentations. We report here that the observed covariation in spike count was relatively weak, the correlation coefficient averaging 0.12. A theoretical analysis revealed, however, that weak correlation can limit substantially the signalling capacity of the pool. In addition, theory suggests a relationship between neuronal responses and psychophysical decisions which may prove useful for identifying cell populations underlying specific perceptual capAacities.},
author = {Zohary, E and Shadlen, M N and Newsome, W T},
institution = {Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6485},
pages = {140--143},
pmid = {8022482},
title = {{Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance.}},
volume = {370},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Branco2010,
abstract = {The detection and discrimination of temporal sequences is fundamental to brain function and underlies perception, cognition, and motor output. By applying patterned, two-photon glutamate uncaging, we found that single dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons exhibit sensitivity to the sequence of synaptic activation. This sensitivity is encoded by both local dendritic calcium signals and somatic depolarization, leading to sequence-selective spike output. The mechanism involves dendritic impedance gradients and nonlinear synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation and is generalizable to dendrites in different neuronal types. This enables discrimination of patterns delivered to a single dendrite, as well as patterns distributed randomly across the dendritic tree. Pyramidal cell dendrites can thus act as processing compartments for the detection of synaptic sequences, thereby implementing a fundamental cortical computation.},
author = {Branco, Tiago and Clark, Beverley A and H\"{a}usser, Michael},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Branco, Clark, H\"{a}usser - 2010 - Dendritic discrimination of temporal input sequences in cortical neurons.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.},
journal = {Science},
number = {5999},
pages = {1671--1675},
pmid = {20705816},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
title = {{Dendritic discrimination of temporal input sequences in cortical neurons.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20705816},
volume = {329},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Cochin1998,
abstract = {This study was designed to relate visual perception of motion to cortical activity, by evaluation of the association of quantified electroencephalogram (qEEG) parameters with a video film projection. The EEG was recorded from 14 sites according to the International 10-20 system and a common average reference was used. Forty right-handed volunteers (mean age = 24 years) were examined. The video film consisted of 20 s sequences showing still shots and moving shots with human movements or object movements. The EEG was then subjected to spectral analysis; the spectral powers for the theta, alpha and beta bands were calculated for 14 s epochs and compared with sequences of the video film. All analyses were based on logarithmically transformed absolute spectral power values. The power values of each frequency band were analysed in a 3-way repeated measure ANOVA (Hemisphere x Electrode x Sequence). The results were represented by EEG cartography. Significant decreases in the alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2 power values of EEG in centro-parietal regions of both hemispheres were shown during perception of human motion sequences. This suggests participation of the sensorimotor cortex during visual observation of human motion.},
author = {Cochin, S and Barthelemy, C and Lejeune, B and Roux, S and Martineau, J},
institution = {INSERM U316, Service Universitaire d'Explorations Fonctionnelles et Neurophysiologie en P\'{e}dopsychiatrie, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France.},
journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
number = {4},
pages = {287--295},
pmid = {9872446},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Perception of motion and qEEG activity in human adults.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9872446},
volume = {107},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Crickattention,
abstract = {It is suggested that in the brain the internal attentional searchlight, proposed by Treisman and others, is controlled by the reticular complex of the thalamus (including the closely related perigeniculate nucleus) and that the expression of the searchlight is the production of rapid bursts of firing in a subset of thalamic neurons. It is also suggested that the conjunctions produced by the attentional searchlight are mediated by rapidly modifiable synapses--here called Malsburg synapses--and especially by rapid bursts acting on them. The activation of Malsburg synapses is envisaged as producing transient cell assemblies, including "vertical" ones that temporarily unite neurons at different levels in the neural hierarchy.},
author = {Crick},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
keywords = {-23PAttention},
month = jul,
number = {14},
pages = {4586--4590},
pmid = {6589612},
title = {{Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve\&db=PubMed\&list\_uids=6589612\&dopt=Citation},
volume = {81},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Ermentrout2001,
abstract = {The theory of coupled phase oscillators provides a framework to understand the emergent properties of networks of neuronal oscillators. When the architecture of the network is dominated by short-range connections, the pattern of electrical output is predicted to correspond to traveling plane and rotating waves, in addition to synchronized output. We argue that this theory provides the foundation for understanding the traveling electrical waves that are observed across olfactory, visual, and visuomotor areas of cortex in a variety of species. The waves are typically present during periods outside of stimulation, while synchronous activity typically dominates in the presence of a strong stimulus. We suggest that the continuum of phase shifts during epochs with traveling waves provides a means to scan the incoming sensory stream for novel features. Experiments to test our theoretical approach are presented.},
author = {Ermentrout, G B and Kleinfeld, D},
doi = {10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00178-7},
institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. bard@math.pitt.edu},
issn = {08966273},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiology,humans,models,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neural networks (computer),neurological,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {33--44},
pmid = {11182079},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Traveling electrical waves in cortex: insights from phase dynamics and speculation on a computational role.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11182079},
volume = {29},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Itskov2011,
abstract = {Hippocampal neurons can display reliable and long-lasting sequences of transient firing patterns, even in the absence of changing external stimuli. We suggest that time-keeping is an important function of these sequences, and propose a network mechanism for their generation. We show that sequences of neuronal assemblies recorded from rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells can reliably predict elapsed time (15-20 s) during wheel running with a precision of 0.5 s. In addition, we demonstrate the generation of multiple reliable, long-lasting sequences in a recurrent network model. These sequences are generated in the presence of noisy, unstructured inputs to the network, mimicking stationary sensory input. Identical initial conditions generate similar sequences, whereas different initial conditions give rise to distinct sequences. The key ingredients responsible for sequence generation in the model are threshold-adaptation and a Mexican-hat-like pattern of connectivity among pyramidal cells. This pattern may arise from recurrent systems such as the hippocampal CA3 region or the entorhinal cortex. We hypothesize that mechanisms that evolved for spatial navigation also support tracking of elapsed time in behaviorally relevant contexts.},
author = {Itskov, Vladimir and Curto, Carina and Pastalkova, Eva and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Department of Mathematics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0130, USA.},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {8},
pages = {2828--2834},
title = {{Cell assembly sequences arising from spike threshold adaptation keep track of time in the hippocampus.}},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Jaramillo2014,
abstract = {Spatial information about the environment is encoded by the activity of place and grid cells in the hippocampal formation. As an animal traverses a cell's firing field, action potentials progressively shift to earlier phases of the theta oscillation (6-10 Hz). This "phase precession" is observed also in the prefrontal cortex and the ventral striatum, but mechanisms for its generation are unknown. However, once phase precession exists in one region, it might also propagate to downstream regions. Using a computational model, we analyze such inheritance of phase precession, for example, from the entorhinal cortex to CA1 and from CA3 to CA1. We find that distinctive subthreshold and suprathreshold features of the membrane potential of CA1 pyramidal cells (Harvey et al., 2009; Mizuseki et al., 2012; Royer et al., 2012) can be explained by inheritance and that excitatory input is essential. The model explains how inhibition modulates the slope and range of phase precession and provides two main testable predictions. First, theta-modulated inhibitory input to a CA1 pyramidal cell is not necessary for phase precession. Second, theta-modulated inhibitory input on its own generates membrane potential peaks that are in phase with peaks of the extracellular field. Furthermore, we suggest that the spatial distribution of field centers of a population of phase-precessing input cells determines, not only the place selectivity, but also the characteristics of phase precession of the targeted output cell. The inheritance model thus can explain why phase precession is observed throughout the hippocampal formation and other areas of the brain.},
author = {Jaramillo, Jorge and Schmidt, Robert and Kempter, Richard},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: physiology,Membrane Potentials,Membrane Potentials: physiology,Models,Neurological,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology},
number = {22},
pages = {7715--31},
pmid = {24872575},
title = {{Modeling inheritance of phase precession in the hippocampal formation.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24872575},
volume = {34},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Klimesch1994,
abstract = {This study examines the hypothesis that in contrast to semantic memory processes that are assumed to be reflected primarily within the alpha band, episodic memory processes are related to activity within the theta band. EEG signals were recorded from subjects as they performed a semantic congruency and an episodic recognition task. In the semantic task, subjects had to judge whether or not sequentially presented concept-feature pairs (such as "eagle-claws" or "pea-huge") are semantically congruent. In the episodic task, which followed the semantic task without prior warning, the same word pairs were presented together with new distractors (generated by repairing known concept-feature pairs). Here, subjects judged whether or not a particular concept-feature pair was already presented during the semantic task. EEG data were analyzed using event-related desynchronization (ERD) as a measure for the amount of event-related changes in band power in the theta band and in the upper and lower alpha bands. The alpha band was determined individually, using the alpha peak frequency during the resting period as the cut-off point to separate the lower from the upper alpha band. The results, which are based on those identical word pairs that demanded a yes response in both tasks, showed that semantic memory processes are indeed primarily reflected in the upper alpha band whereas episodic memory processes are reflected in the theta band. The possible relationship between hippocampal theta activity and the encoding of episodic information is discussed.},
author = {Klimesch, W and Schimke, H and Schwaiger, J},
institution = {Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Salzburg, Austria.},
journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
keywords = {adult,alpha rhythm,analysis variance,brain,brain physiology,female,humans,male,memory,memory physiology,semantics,theta rhythm},
number = {6},
pages = {428--441},
pmid = {7529682},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Episodic and semantic memory: an analysis in the EEG theta and alpha band.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7529682},
volume = {91},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Mizuseki2014c,
abstract = {Using silicon-based recording electrodes, we recorded neuronal activity of the dorsal hippocampus and dorsomedial entorhinal cortex from behaving rats. The entorhinal neurons were classified as principal neurons and interneurons based on monosynaptic interactions and wave-shapes. The hippocampal neurons were classified as principal neurons and interneurons based on monosynaptic interactions, wave-shapes and burstiness. The data set contains recordings from 7,736 neurons (6,100 classified as principal neurons, 1,132 as interneurons, and 504 cells that did not clearly fit into either category) obtained during 442 recording sessions from 11 rats (a total of 204.5 hours) while they were engaged in one of eight different behaviours/tasks. Both original and processed data (time stamp of spikes, spike waveforms, result of spike sorting and local field potential) are included, along with metadata of behavioural markers. Community-driven data sharing may offer cross-validation of findings, refinement of interpretations and facilitate discoveries.},
author = {Mizuseki, Kenji and Diba, Kamran and Pastalkova, Eva and Teeters, Jeff and Sirota, Anton and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.12688/f1000research.3895.1},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mizuseki et al. - 2014 - Neurosharing large-scale data sets (spike, LFP) recorded from the hippocampal-entorhinal system in behaving rat.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {doi:10.12688/f1000research.3895.2},
issn = {2046-1402},
journal = {F1000Research},
pages = {98},
pmid = {25075302},
title = {{Neurosharing: large-scale data sets (spike, LFP) recorded from the hippocampal-entorhinal system in behaving rats.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25075302},
volume = {3},
year = {2014}
}
@article{O'Keefe1978a,
abstract = {Place units in the dorsal hippocampus of the freely-moving rat signal the animal's position in an environment (place field). In the present experiments, thirty four place units were recorded in two different environments: one, a small platform where the rat had received neither training nor reward; the other, an elevated T-maze inside a set of black curtains where the rat had been trained on a place discrimination. The places within the curtained enclosure were specified by four cues (a light, a card, a fan, and a buzzer) in addition to the food. Other cues were eliminated by rotating the maze and the four controlled cues relative to the external world from trial-to-trial. Some units had place fields in both environments while others only had a place field in one. No relationship could be seen between the place fields of units with fields in both environments. All twelve units tested extensively in the controlled enclosure had place fields related to the controlled cues. Probe experiments in which only some of the controlled cues were available showed that some of these units were being excited by one or two cues while others were influenced in a more complex way. The fields of these latter units were maintained by any two of the 4 cues and were due to inhibitory influences which suppressed the unit firing over the rest of the maze.},
author = {O'Keefe, J and Conway, D H},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
number = {4},
pages = {573--590},
title = {{Hippocampal place units in the freely moving rat: why they fire where they fire.}},
volume = {31},
year = {1978}
}
@article{O'Keefe2005,
abstract = {We review the ideas and data behind the hypothesis that hippocampal pyramidal cells encode information by their phase of firing relative to the theta rhythm of the EEG. Particular focus is given to the further hypothesis that variations in firing rate can encode information independently from that encoded by firing phase. We discuss possible explanation of the phase-precession effect in terms of interference between two independent oscillatory influences on the pyramidal cell membrane potential, and the extent to which firing phase reflects internal dynamics or external (environmental) variables. Finally, we propose a model of the firing of the recently discovered "grid cells" in entorhinal cortex as part of a path-integration system, in combination with place cells and head-direction cells.},
author = {O'Keefe, John and Burgess, Neil},
institution = {Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London. j.okeefe@ucl.ac.uk},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,humans,neurons,neurons physiology,orientation,orientation physiology,space perception,space perception physiology,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology,theta rhythm},
number = {7},
pages = {853--866},
pmid = {16145693},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{Dual phase and rate coding in hippocampal place cells: theoretical significance and relationship to entorhinal grid cells.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16145693},
volume = {15},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Sompolinsky1986,
abstract = {A neural network model which is capable of recalling time sequences and cycles of patterns is introduced. In this model, some of the synaptic connections, Jij, between pairs of neurons are asymmetric (Jij≠Jji) and have slow dynamic response. The effects of thermal noise on the generated sequences are discussed. Simulation results demonstrating the performance of the network are presented. The model may be also useful in understanding the generation of rhythmic patterns in biological motor systems.},
author = {Sompolinsky, H. and Kanter, I.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2861},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = {22},
pages = {2861--2864},
pmid = {10033885},
title = {{Temporal Association in Asymmetric Neural Networks}},
volume = {57},
year = {1986}
}
@article{thalsynchwhisk,
abstract = {Thalamic firing synchrony is thought to ensure selective transmission of relevant sensory information to the recipient cortical neurons by rendering them more responsive to temporally correlated input spikes. However, direct evidence for a synchrony code in the thalamus is limited. Here, we directly measure thalamic firing synchrony and its stimulus-induced modulation over time, using simultaneous single unit recordings from individual thalamic barreloids in the rat somatosensory whisker/barrel system. Employing whisker deflections varying in velocity or frequency and a cross-correlation approach, we find systematic changes in both time course and strength of thalamic firing synchrony as a function of stimulus parameters and sensory adaptation. Synchrony develops faster and is greater with higher velocity deflections. Greater firing synchrony reflects stimulus-dependent increases in instantaneous firing rates, greater spike time precision relative to stimulus onset as well as common input that likely arises from divergent trigeminothalamic and corticothalamic neurons. With adaptation, synchrony decreases and takes longer to develop but is more dependent on the cells' common inputs. Rapid, sharp increases in thalamic synchrony mirroring quick increases in whisker velocity occur also during ongoing random, high-frequency whisker vibrations. Together, results demonstrate millisecond by millisecond changes in thalamic near-synchronous firing during complex patterns of ongoing vibrissa movements that may ensure transmission of preferred sensory information in local thalamocortical circuits during whisking and active touch.},
author = {Temereanca, Simona and Brown, Emery N and Simons, Daniel J},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1586-08.2008},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
keywords = { neural\_code, somatosensory\_cortex, spike\_timing, thalamus,041108},
month = oct,
number = {44},
pages = {11153--11164},
pmid = {18971458},
title = {{Rapid changes in thalamic firing synchrony during repetitive whisker stimulation.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1586-08.2008},
volume = {28},
year = {2008}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011k,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011e,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Thut2011,
abstract = {Neuronal elements underlying perception, cognition, and action exhibit distinct oscillatory phenomena, measured in humans by electro- or magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG). So far, the correlative or causal nature of the link between brain oscillations and functions has remained elusive. A compelling demonstration of causality would primarily generate oscillatory signatures that are known to correlate with particular cognitive functions and then assess the behavioral consequences. Here, we provide the first direct evidence for causal entrainment of brain oscillations by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) using concurrent EEG.},
author = {Thut, Gregor and Veniero, Domenica and Romei, Vincenzo and Miniussi, Carlo and Schyns, Philippe and Gross, Joachim},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.049},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thut et al. - 2011 - Rhythmic TMS causes local entrainment of natural oscillatory signatures.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
keywords = {Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Analysis of Variance,Attention,Female,Functional Laterality,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetoencephalography,Male,Occipital Lobe,Occipital Lobe: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Periodicity,Photic Stimulation,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Visual Pathways,Visual Perception},
month = jul,
number = {14},
pages = {1176--85},
pmid = {21723129},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Rhythmic TMS causes local entrainment of natural oscillatory signatures.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3176892\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@techreport{Wager2005,
abstract = {Robust regression techniques are a class of estimators that are relatively insensitive to the presence of one or more outliers in the data. They are especially well suited to data that require large numbers of statistical tests and may contain outliers due to factors not of experimental interest. Both these issues apply particularly to neuroimaging data analysis. We use simulations to compare several robust techniques against ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, and we apply robust regression to second-level (group "random effects") analyses in three fMRI datasets. Our results show that robust iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) at the 2nd level is a computationally efficient technique that both increases statistical power and decreases false positive rates in the presence of outliers. The benefits of IRLS are apparent with small samples (n = 10) and increase with larger sample sizes (n = 40) in the typical range of group neuroimaging experiments. When no true effects are present, IRLS controls false positive rates at an appropriate level. We show that IRLS can have substantial benefits in analysis of group data and in estimating hemodynamic response shapes from time series data. We provide software to implement IRLS in group neuroimaging analyses.},
author = {Wager, Tor D and Keller, Matthew C and Lacey, Steven C and Jonides, John},
booktitle = {NeuroImage},
institution = {Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. tor@psych.columbia.edu},
keywords = {algorithms,brain,brain physiology,cognition,cognition physiology,computer assisted,computer assisted methods,computer simulation,false positive reactions,functional laterality,functional laterality physiology,humans,image interpretation,least squares analysis,linear models,magnetic resonance imaging,magnetic resonance imaging methods,models,motor cortex,motor cortex physiology,pain,pain physiopathology,psychomotor performance,psychomotor performance physiology,regression analysis,statistical},
number = {1},
pages = {99--113},
pmid = {15862210},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Increased sensitivity in neuroimaging analyses using robust regression.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15862210},
volume = {26},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Yoon2013,
abstract = {We examined simultaneously recorded spikes from multiple rat grid cells, to explain mechanisms underlying their activity. Among grid cells with similar spatial periods, the population activity was confined to lie close to a two-dimensional (2D) manifold: grid cells differed only along two dimensions of their responses and otherwise were nearly identical. Relationships between cell pairs were conserved despite extensive deformations of single-neuron responses. Results from novel environments suggest such structure is not inherited from hippocampal or external sensory inputs. Across conditions, cell-cell relationships are better conserved than responses of single cells. Finally, the system is continually subject to perturbations that, were the 2D manifold not attractive, would drive the system to inhabit a different region of state space than observed. These findings have strong implications for theories of grid-cell activity and substantiate the general hypothesis that the brain computes using low-dimensional continuous attractors.},
author = {Yoon, Kijung and Buice, Michael a and Barry, Caswell and Hayman, Robin and Burgess, Neil and Fiete, Ila R},
doi = {10.1038/nn.3450},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Yoon et al. - 2013 - Specific evidence of low-dimensional continuous attractor dynamics in grid cells.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1546-1726},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
month = aug,
number = {8},
pages = {1077--84},
pmid = {23852111},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Specific evidence of low-dimensional continuous attractor dynamics in grid cells.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852111},
volume = {16},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Baroni2007,
abstract = {The difference between resonator and integrator neurons relies upon a frequency preference for the former, while the latter monotonically increase their spiking probability with the frequency of a periodic input. In model neurons where dynamics on multiple time scales are present (hence ubiquitously in real neurons) the concept of frequency preference can naturally be broaden to take into account preference towards temporally specific n-uples of presynaptic inputs. On the other hand, single neurons with dynamics on multiple time scales can detect specific temporal patterns as we discuss in this paper.},
author = {Baroni, F and Varona, P},
doi = {10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.042},
issn = {09252312},
journal = {Neurocomputing},
keywords = {input,neural signatures,output neuronal preference,sparse coding},
number = {10-12},
pages = {1611--1614},
title = {{Subthreshold oscillations and neuronal input-output relationships}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925231206003481},
volume = {70},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Basar2001,
abstract = {The increased interest in gamma oscillations, now widely regarded as functionally relevant signals of the brain, underlines the importance of the concept of event-related oscillations for bridging the gap between single neurons and neural assemblies. Taking this concept further, we review experiments showing that oscillatory phenomena such as alpha, theta, and delta responses to events are, just as the gamma band, strongly interwoven with sensory and cognitive functions. This review argues that selectively distributed delta, theta, alpha and gamma oscillatory systems act as resonant communication networks through large populations of neurons. Thus, oscillatory processes might play a major role in functional communication in the brain in relation to memory and integrative functions.},
author = {Başar, E and Başar-Eroglu, C and Karakaş, S and Sch\"{u}rmann, M},
issn = {01678760},
journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology},
keywords = {algorithms,alpha rhythm,animals,brain,brain physiology,cognition,cognition physiology,delta rhythm,electroencephalography,humans,theta rhythm},
number = {2-3},
pages = {241--8},
pmid = {11163901},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Gamma, alpha, delta, and theta oscillations govern cognitive processes.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11163901},
volume = {39},
year = {2001}
}
@article{synchsens,
abstract = {How neurons encode information has been a hotly debated issue. Ultimately, any code must be relevant to the senders, receivers, and connections between them. This review focuses on the transmission of sensory information through the circuit linking thalamus and cortex, two distant brain regions. Strong feedforward inhibition in the thalamocortical circuit renders cortex highly sensitive to the thalamic synchrony evoked by a sensory stimulus. Neuromodulators and feedback connections may modulate the temporal sensitivity of such circuits and gate the propagation of synchrony into other layers and cortical areas. The prevalence of strong feedforward inhibitory circuits throughout the central nervous system suggests that synchrony codes and timing-sensitive circuits may be widespread, occurring well beyond sensory thalamus and cortex. ► Strong feedforward inhibition sensitizes circuits to synchronous inputs. ► Specific stimulus features determine thalamic synchrony and thus cortical activity. ► Neuromodulators and feedback connections adjust circuit sensitivity to synchrony. ► Synchrony codes may be as prevalent in the brain as feedforward inhibitory circuits.},
annote = {Figure 1 is really great :-)},
author = {Bruno, Randy M},
doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.003},
issn = {09594388},
journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
keywords = { synchrony,cito--cites--7316802},
month = jun,
number = {5},
pages = {701--708},
title = {{Synchrony in sensation}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2011.06.003},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Carr2011,
abstract = {The hippocampus is required for the encoding, consolidation and retrieval of event memories. Although the neural mechanisms that underlie these processes are only partially understood, a series of recent papers point to awake memory replay as a potential contributor to both consolidation and retrieval. Replay is the sequential reactivation of hippocampal place cells that represent previously experienced behavioral trajectories and occurs frequently in the awake state, particularly during periods of relative immobility. Awake replay may reflect trajectories through either the current environment or previously visited environments that are spatially remote. The repetition of learned sequences on a compressed time scale is well suited to promote memory consolidation in distributed circuits beyond the hippocampus, suggesting that consolidation occurs in both the awake and sleeping animal. Moreover, sensory information can influence the content of awake replay, suggesting a role for awake replay in memory retrieval.},
author = {Carr, Margaret F and Jadhav, Shantanu P and Frank, Loren M},
doi = {10.1038/nn.2732},
institution = {Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.},
isbn = {1546-1726 (Electronic)$\backslash$r1097-6256 (Linking)},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
number = {2},
pages = {147--153},
pmid = {21270783},
title = {{Hippocampal replay in the awake state: a potential substrate for memory consolidation and retrieval.}},
volume = {14},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Crick1990,
author = {Crick, Francis and Koch, Christof},
journal = {Seminars in the Neurosciences},
keywords = {are undoubtedly important but,by themselves,ever be sufficiently,oscillations i short-term memory,they will,we doubt whether},
pages = {263--275},
title = {{Towards a neurobiological theory of consciousness}},
url = {http://papers.klab.caltech.edu/22/1/148.pdf},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Desimone1995,
author = {Desimone, Robert and Duncan, John},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Desimone, Duncan - 1995 - NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SELECTIVE VISUAL.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Applied Psychology},
pages = {193--222},
title = {{NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SELECTIVE VISUAL}},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Dragoi2013,
abstract = {The activity of ensembles of hippocampal place cells represents a hallmark of an animals spatial experience. The neuronal mech- anisms that enable the rapid expression of novel place cell sequen- ces are not entirely understood. Here we report that during sleep or rest, distinct sets of hippocampal temporal sequences in the rat preplay multiple corresponding novel spatial experiences with high specificity. These findings suggest that the place cell sequence of a novel spatial experience is determined, in part, by an online se- lection of a subset of cellular firing sequences from a larger reper- toire of preexisting temporal firing sequences in the hippocampal cellular assembly network that become rapidly bound to the novel experience. We estimate that for the given context, the recorded hippocampal network activity has the capacity to preplay an ex- tended repertoire of at least 15 future spatial experiences of similar distinctiveness and complexity.},
author = {Dragoi, George and Tonegawa, Susumu},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1306031110/-/DCSupplemental.www.pnas.org/cgi/},
journal = {PNAS},
title = {{Distinct preplay of multiple novel spatial experiences in the rat}},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/9100.short},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Dupret2010,
abstract = {Rate remapping is a conjunctive code that potentially enables hippocampal place cells to jointly represent spatial and nonspatial information. In this issue of Neuron, Renn\'{o}-Costa et al. introduce a theoretical model wherein the convergence of the medial and lateral entorhinal excitatory inputs, combined with local inhibition, explains hippocampal rate remapping.},
author = {Dupret, David and Pleydell-Bouverie, Barty and Csicsvari, Jozsef},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dupret, Pleydell-Bouverie, Csicsvari - 2010 - Rate remapping when the code goes beyond space.pdf:pdf},
institution = {MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {6},
pages = {1015--1016},
pmid = {21172603},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Rate remapping: when the code goes beyond space.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172603},
volume = {68},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Engel2010,
abstract = {In this review, we consider the potential functional role of beta-band oscillations, which at present is not yet well understood. We discuss evidence from recent studies on top-down mechanisms involved in cognitive processing, on the motor system and on the pathophysiology of movement disorders that suggest a unifying hypothesis: beta-band activity seems related to the maintenance of the current sensorimotor or cognitive state. We hypothesize that beta oscillations and/or coupling in the beta-band are expressed more strongly if the maintenance of the status quo is intended or predicted, than if a change is expected. Moreover, we suggest that pathological enhancement of beta-band activity is likely to result in an abnormal persistence of the status quo and a deterioration of flexible behavioural and cognitive control.},
author = {Engel, Andreas K and Fries, Pascal},
institution = {Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. ak.engel@uke.de},
journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
number = {2},
pages = {156--165},
pmid = {20359884},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Beta-band oscillations--signalling the status quo?}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20359884},
volume = {20},
year = {2010}
}
@article{spontact,
author = {Feller, Marla B},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {nn},
number = {4},
pages = {653--656},
title = {{Spontaneous Correlated Activity in Developing Neural Circuits}},
url = {http://www.neuron.org/cgi/content/abstract/22/4/653},
volume = {22},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Hubbard2005a,
abstract = {Grapheme-color synesthetes experience specific colors associated with specific number or letter characters. To determine the neural locus of this condition, we compared behavioral and fMRI responses in six grapheme-color synesthetes to control subjects. In our behavioral experiments, we found that a subject's synesthetic experience can aid in texture segregation (experiment 1) and reduce the effects of crowding (experiment 2). For synesthetes, graphemes produced larger fMRI responses in color-selective area human V4 than for control subjects (experiment 3). Importantly, we found a correlation within subjects between the behavioral and fMRI results; subjects with better performance on the behavioral experiments showed larger fMRI responses in early retinotopic visual areas (V1, V2, V3, and hV4). These results suggest that grapheme-color synesthesia is the result of cross-activation between grapheme-selective and color-selective brain areas. The correlation between the behavioral and fMRI results suggests that grapheme-color synesthetes may constitute a heterogeneous group.},
author = {Hubbard, Edward M and Arman, a Cyrus and Ramachandran, Vilayanur S and Boynton, Geoffrey M},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.008},
issn = {0896-6273},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {Brain Mapping,Cerebrovascular Circulation,Cerebrovascular Circulation: physiology,Color Perception,Color Perception: physiology,Color Vision Defects,Color Vision Defects: physiopathology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Illusions,Illusions: physiology,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Neuropsychological Tests,Observer Variation,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Pattern Recognition, Visual: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
month = mar,
number = {6},
pages = {975--85},
pmid = {15797557},
title = {{Individual differences among grapheme-color synesthetes: brain-behavior correlations.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15797557},
volume = {45},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Knill2004,
abstract = {To use sensory information efficiently to make judgments and guide action in the world, the brain must represent and use information about uncertainty in its computations for perception and action. Bayesian methods have proven successful in building computational theories for perception and sensorimotor control, and psychophysics is providing a growing body of evidence that human perceptual computations are "Bayes' optimal". This leads to the "Bayesian coding hypothesis": that the brain represents sensory information probabilistically, in the form of probability distributions. Several computational schemes have recently been proposed for how this might be achieved in populations of neurons. Neurophysiological data on the hypothesis, however, is almost non-existent. A major challenge for neuroscientists is to test these ideas experimentally, and so determine whether and how neurons code information about sensory uncertainty.},
author = {Knill, David C and Pouget, Alexandre},
doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.007},
issn = {0166-2236},
journal = {Trends in neurosciences},
keywords = {Animals,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Humans,Models, Biological,Nerve Net,Neurons,Neurons: metabolism,Perception},
month = dec,
number = {12},
pages = {712--9},
pmid = {15541511},
title = {{The Bayesian brain: the role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15541511},
volume = {27},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Knill2004,
abstract = {To use sensory information efficiently to make judgments and guide action in the world, the brain must represent and use information about uncertainty in its computations for perception and action. Bayesian methods have proven successful in building computational theories for perception and sensorimotor control, and psychophysics is providing a growing body of evidence that human perceptual computations are "Bayes' optimal". This leads to the "Bayesian coding hypothesis": that the brain represents sensory information probabilistically, in the form of probability distributions. Several computational schemes have recently been proposed for how this might be achieved in populations of neurons. Neurophysiological data on the hypothesis, however, is almost non-existent. A major challenge for neuroscientists is to test these ideas experimentally, and so determine whether and how neurons code information about sensory uncertainty.},
author = {Knill, David C and Pouget, Alexandre},
doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.007},
issn = {0166-2236},
journal = {Trends in neurosciences},
keywords = { Biological,Animals,Bayes Theorem,Brain,Brain: physiology,Humans,Models,Nerve Net,Neurons,Neurons: metabolism,Perception},
month = dec,
number = {12},
pages = {712--719},
pmid = {15541511},
title = {{The Bayesian brain: the role of uncertainty in neural coding and computation.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15541511},
volume = {27},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Kondacs1999,
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Forty-five healthy adult volunteers underwent repeated qEEG examinations with retest intervals 25-62 months in order to investigate the long-term intra-individual variability of several qEEG features such as, absolute and relative power, power asymmetry, coherence, mean and peak frequency and entropy. Prior to any computations all parameters were transformed to Z-scores on the basis of a normal database. METHODS: Correlation coefficients were used to test the effect of the time on the test-retest differences. Correlation coefficients were also computed between baseline and retest values, as a measure of intra-individual stability, to make our results comparable to most literature data. By computing the standard deviations for test-retest differences, the intra-individual variabilities of the examined parameters were obtained in the unit of inter-individual variability of normal population. The same calculations were carried out with values obtained from the odd and even numbered epochs of the same EEG sections. This way, that portion of the intra-individual variability was estimated that might be introduced even by chance only when the epochs were selected randomly from the same section of EEG conforming to selection criteria. RESULTS: As for our results, further increase of test-retest differences with time after 25 months might be so insignificant that it could not be demonstrated in our test material. The long-term intra-individual variability for most parameters, especially for total absolute power and alpha mean frequency, was less than the inter-individual variability in the normal population. The moment-to-moment variability was least in the case of the absolute power. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates for intra-individual variability expressed this way in Z-scores might easily be used in the follow-up of patients even for a few years.},
author = {Kondacs, A and Szab\'{o}, M},
institution = {Department of Neurology I., P\'{a}ndy K\'{a}lm\'{a}n County Hospital, Semmelweis, Hungary. neurol@pandy.hu},
journal = {Clinical Neurophysiology},
keywords = {adult,age factors,alpha rhythm,beta rhythm,brain,brain physiology,delta rhythm,electroencephalography,electroencephalography standards,entropy,humans,normal distribution,reference values,reproducibility results,theta rhythm},
number = {10},
pages = {1708--1716},
pmid = {10574286},
title = {{Long-term intra-individual variability of the background EEG in normals.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10574286},
volume = {110},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Lumer1997,
abstract = {Activity in the mammalian thalamocortical system is often accompanied by a synchronous discharge of cortical and thalamic neurons. Although many functions have been attributed to such synchronous firing, it is not known whether or how synchrony of firing per se affects thalamocortical operations. Direct experimental tests of the consequences of neuronal synchronization in vivo are hard to carry out, whereas theoretical studies based on single-neuron models cannot reveal the effects of synchrony at the system level. To overcome these limitations, we have used a perturbational approach to test the causal efficacy of synchrony per se in large-scale simulations of the thalamocortical system. The test consists of selectively disrupting firing synchrony by 'jittering' the timing of action potentials in the simulations and determining whether firing rates are modified by this perturbation. The simulations are based in detail on the known anatomy and physiology of the thalamocortical-visual system of the cat, and have been shown in a companion paper to produce episodes of fast synchronous activity at multiple levels. By carrying out the perturbation analysis, we established that neurons can have long membrane time constants (8-16 ms) and balanced synaptic activations, and yet function collectively in such a way that synchrony within a time window of 4 ms significantly affects the rates and selectivity of the responses to visual stimuli. The simulations also revealed a complex interplay, at the network level, between synchrony of firing and rate of firing. The dynamic consequences of firing synchrony were most evident when spike jittering was applied to specific polysynaptic loops involving corticocortical and corticothalamic connections. These results support the view that firing synchrony within thalamocortical and corticocortical loops plays a causal role in the cooperative and competitive neural interactions that produce pattern-selective responses in the cortex.},
author = {Lumer, E D and Edelman, G M and Tononi, G},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lumer, Edelman, Tononi - 1997 - Neural dynamics in a model of the thalamocortical system. II. The role of neural synchrony tested throug.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1047-3211},
journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Cats,Computer Simulation,Electrophysiology,Models, Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Thalamus,Thalamus: cytology,Thalamus: physiology,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: cytology,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: cytology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
number = {3},
pages = {228--36},
pmid = {9143443},
title = {{Neural dynamics in a model of the thalamocortical system. II. The role of neural synchrony tested through perturbations of spike timing.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9143443},
volume = {7},
year = {1997}
}
@article{eyefix,
abstract = {Our eyes continually move even while we fix our gaze on an object. Although these fixational eye movements have a magnitude that should make them visible to us, we are unaware of them. If fixational eye movements are counteracted, our visual perception fades completely as a result of neural adaptation. So, our visual system has a built-in paradox — we must fix our gaze to inspect the minute details of our world, but if we were to fixate perfectly, the entire world would fade from view. Owing to their role in counteracting adaptation, fixational eye movements have been studied to elucidate how the brain makes our environment visible. Moreover, because we are not aware of these eye movements, they have been studied to understand the underpinnings of visual awareness. Recent studies of fixational eye movements have focused on determining how visible perception is encoded by neurons in various visual areas of the brain.},
author = {Martinez-Conde, Susana and Macknik, Stephen L and Hubel, David H},
doi = {10.1038/nrn1348},
issn = {1471-003X},
journal = {Nature reviews. Neuroscience},
keywords = {eyegaze},
month = mar,
number = {3},
pages = {229--240},
pmid = {14976522},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The Role of Fixational Eye Movements in Visual Perception}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn1348},
volume = {5},
year = {2004}
}
@article{McAlonan2008,
abstract = {The massive visual input from the eye to the brain requires selective processing of some visual information at the expense of other information, a process referred to as visual attention. Increases in the responses of visual neurons with attention have been extensively studied along the visual processing streams in monkey cerebral cortex, from primary visual areas to parietal and frontal cortex. Here we show, by recording neurons in attending macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), that attention modulates visual signals before they even reach cortex by increasing responses of both magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the first relay between retina and cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). At the same time, attention decreases neuronal responses in the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). Crick argued for such modulation of the LGN by observing that it is inhibited by the TRN, and suggested that "if the thalamus is the gateway to the cortex, the reticular complex might be described as the guardian of the gateway", a reciprocal relationship we now show to be more than just hypothesis. The reciprocal modulation in LGN and TRN appears only during the initial visual response, but the modulation of LGN reappears later in the response, suggesting separate early and late sources of attentional modulation in LGN.},
author = {McAlonan, Kerry and Cavanaugh, James and Wurtz, Robert H},
doi = {10.1038/nature07382},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/McAlonan, Cavanaugh, Wurtz - 2008 - Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-4687},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Cues,Fixation, Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Retina,Retina: physiology,Thalamic Nuclei,Thalamic Nuclei: cytology,Thalamic Nuclei: physiology,Time Factors,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
month = nov,
number = {7220},
pages = {391--4},
pmid = {18849967},
title = {{Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2713033\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {456},
year = {2008}
}
@article{McFarland1975,
abstract = {The frequency of occurrence and amplitude of hippocampal theta waves induced by forced locomotion is proportional to speed of movement on a treadmill. Although induction of hippocampal theta waves is related to the initiation of movement, it is not dependent upon proprioceptive feedback because it persists in the resting animal after a bout of running. It is possible to obtain cortical theta waves in the absence of hippocampal theta activity.},
author = {McFarland, W L and Teitelbaum, H and Hedges, E K},
journal = {Journal of comparative and physiological psychology},
keywords = {animal,animals,behavior,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiology,electroencephalography,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,male,motor activity,rats,time factors},
number = {1},
pages = {324--328},
title = {{Relationship between hippocampal theta activity and running speed in the rat.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1120805},
volume = {88},
year = {1975}
}
@article{Pastoll2012a,
abstract = {Summary Cortical circuits are thought to multiplex firing rate codes with temporal codes that rely on oscillatory network activity, but the circuit mechanisms that combine these coding schemes are unclear. We establish with optogenetic activation of layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex that theta frequency drive to this circuit is sufficient to generate nested gamma frequency oscillations in synaptic activity. These nested gamma oscillations closely resemble activity during spatial exploration, are generated by local feedback inhibition without recurrent excitation, and have clock-like features suitable as reference signals for multiplexing temporal codes within rate-coded grid firing fields. In network models deduced from our data, feedback inhibition supports coexistence of theta-nested gamma oscillations with attractor states that generate grid firing fields. These results indicate that grid cells communicate primarily via inhibitory interneurons. This circuit mechanism enables multiplexing of oscillation-based temporal codes with rate-coded attractor states.},
author = {Pastoll, Hugh and Solanka, Lukas and van Rossum, Mark C W and Nolan, Matthew F},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {1},
pages = {141--154},
title = {{Feedback Inhibition Enables Theta-Nested Gamma Oscillations and Grid Firing Fields}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627312011191},
volume = {77},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Reynolds2004,
abstract = {Single-unit recording studies in the macaque have carefully documented the modulatory effects of attention on the response properties of visual cortical neurons. Attention produces qualitatively different effects on firing rate, depending on whether a stimulus appears alone or accompanied by distracters. Studies of contrast gain control in anesthetized mammals have found parallel patterns of results when the luminance contrast of a stimulus increases. This finding suggests that attention has co-opted the circuits that mediate contrast gain control and that it operates by increasing the effective contrast of the attended stimulus. Consistent with this idea, microstimulation of the frontal eye fields, one of several areas that control the allocation of spatial attention, induces spatially local increases in sensitivity both at the behavioral level and among neurons in area V4, where endogenously generated attention increases contrast sensitivity. Studies in the slice have begun to explain how modulatory signals might cause such increases in sensitivity.},
author = {Reynolds, John H and Chelazzi, Leonardo},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131039},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reynolds, Chelazzi - 2004 - Attentional modulation of visual processing.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0147-006X},
journal = {Annual review of neuroscience},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Contrast Sensitivity,Contrast Sensitivity: physiology,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Humans,Models, Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: cytology,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: cytology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
month = jan,
pages = {611--47},
pmid = {15217345},
title = {{Attentional modulation of visual processing.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15217345},
volume = {27},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Robbe2009,
abstract = {The integrity of the hippocampus is critical for both spatial navigation and episodic memory, but how its neuronal firing patterns underlie those functions is not well understood. In particular, the modality by which hippocampal place cells contribute to spatial memory is debated. We found that administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940 (2-[(1S,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexyl]-5-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenol) induced a profound and reversible behavioral deficit in the hippocampus-dependent delayed spatial alternation task. On the one hand, despite severe memory impairment, the location-dependent firing of CA1 hippocampal place cells remained mostly intact. On the other hand, both spike-timing coordination between place cells at the theta timescale and theta phase precession of spikes were reversibly reduced. These results raise the possibility that cannabinoids impair memory primarily by altering short-term temporal dynamics of hippocampal neurons. We hypothesize that precise temporal coordination of hippocampal neurons is necessary for guiding behavior in spatial memory tasks.},
author = {Robbe, David and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {40},
pages = {12597--12605},
title = {{Alteration of theta timescale dynamics of hippocampal place cells by a cannabinoid is associated with memory impairment.}},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Schiller1976,
author = {Schiller, P H and Finlay, B L and Volman, S F},
journal = {Brain Research},
keywords = {animals,geniculate bodies,geniculate bodies physiology,haplorhini,macaca mulatta,visual cortex,visual cortex cytology,visual cortex physiology,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {2},
pages = {347--349},
pmid = {816424},
title = {{Short-term response variability of monkey striate neurons.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/816424},
volume = {105},
year = {1976}
}
@book{sigdethum,
address = {New York},
author = {Swets, John A},
keywords = {hellie},
publisher = {John Wiley and Sons},
title = {{Signal Detection and Recognition in Human Observers: Contemporary Readings}},
year = {1964}
}
@article{rabbit,
abstract = {We report here a systematic investigation of the dynamics, regulation and distribution of spontaneous waves in the rabbit retina during the course of wave development prior to eye opening. Three major findings were obtained in this longitudinal study. (1) Spontaneous retinal waves underwent three developmental stages, each of which displayed distinct wave dynamics, pharmacology and mechanism of generation and regulation. Stage I waves emerged prior to synaptogenesis and appeared as frequent, fast propagating waves that did not form spatial boundaries between waves. These waves could be inhibited by blockers of gap junctions and adenosine receptors, but not by nicotinic antagonists. Stage I waves lasted about one day (around embryonic day 22) and then switched rapidly to stage II, resulting in slower and less frequent waves that could be blocked by nicotinic antagonists and had a characteristic postwave refractory period and spatial boundaries between adjacent waves. Immediately after the transition from stage I to stage II, the waves could be reverted back to stage I by blocking nicotinic receptors, indicating the presence of mutually compensatory mechanisms for wave generation. Stage III waves emerged around postnatal day 3–4 (P3–4), and they were mediated by glutamtergic and muscarinic interactions. With age, these waves became weaker, more localized and less frequent. Spontaneous waves were rarely detected after P7. (2) GABA strongly modulated the wave dynamics in a stage- and receptor type-dependent manner. At stage I, endogenous GABAB activation downregulated the waves. The GABAB modulation disappeared during stage II and was replaced by a strong GABAA/C-mediated inhibition at stage III. Blocking GABAA/C receptors not only dramatically enhanced spontaneous stage III waves, but also induced propagating waves in >P7 retinas that did not show spontaneous waves, indicating a role of GABA inhibition in the disappearance of spontaneous waves. (3) Spontaneous retinal waves were found in both the inner and outer retina at all three stages. The waves in the outer retina (ventricular zone) also showed stage-dependent pharmacology and dynamics. Together, the results revealed a multistaged developmental sequence and stage-dependent dynamics, pharmacology and regulation of spontaneous retinal waves in the mammalian retina. The presence of retinal waves during multiple developmental stages and in multiple retinal layers suggests that the waves are a general developmental phenomenon with diverse functions.},
author = {Syed, Mohsin Md and Lee, Seunghoon and Zheng, Jijian and Zhou, Z Jimmy},
doi = {10.1113/jphysiol.2004.066597},
journal = {The Journal of Physiology},
number = {2},
pages = {533--549},
title = {{Stage-dependent dynamics and modulation of spontaneous waves in the developing rabbit retina}},
url = {http://jp.physoc.org/content/560/2/533.abstract},
volume = {560},
year = {2004}
}
@article{ROC,
author = {Tanner, W P and Swets, J A},
journal = {Psychological Review},
keywords = {imported},
pages = {401--409},
title = {{A decision-making theory of visual detection}},
volume = {61},
year = {1954}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011be,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011f,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011w,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011l,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{barreladapt,
journal = {J. Neurophysiol.},
pages = {3244--3254},
title = {{Adaptation in Thalamic Barreloid and Cortical Barrel Neurons to Periodic Whisker Deflections Varying in Frequency and Velocity}},
volume = {92},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Bernacchia2011,
author = {Bernacchia, Alberto and Wang, XJ},
doi = {10.1162/NECO\_a\_00451},
issn = {1530-888X},
journal = {Neural Computation},
keywords = {correlations,dynamics,inhibition,network,noise},
pages = {1732--1767},
pmid = {23607559},
title = {{Decorrelation by recurrent inhibition in heterogeneous neural circuits}},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Burchell1998,
abstract = {Gamma (25-60 Hz) oscillations are associated with cognitive processing in the cortex. They can be generated by excitation of populations of mutually inhibitory, interconnected interneurons. Such oscillations can entrain the firing patterns of excitatory projection neurons and have been shown both to facilitate the synchronization of spatially separate populations of neurons and mediate changes in synaptic strength that alter the ability of populations to synchronize. Here we demonstrate that gamma oscillations also act as a powerfully selective gate for trains of afferent inputs to an oscillating area, based on the 'precise timing of inputs' as opposed to their absolute magnitude or frequency.},
author = {Burchell, T R and Faulkner, H J and Whittington, M A},
institution = {Cellular and Integrative Biology Section, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.},
journal = {Neuroscience Letters},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,afferent,afferent physiology,animals,electric stimulation,electrophysiology,excitatory postsynaptic potentials,excitatory postsynaptic potentials physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,male,neurons,oscillometry,rats,time factors},
number = {3},
pages = {151--154},
pmid = {9832195},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Gamma frequency oscillations gate temporally coded afferent inputs in the rat hippocampal slice.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9832195},
volume = {255},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Busch2009,
abstract = {Oscillations are ubiquitous in electrical recordings of brain activity. While the amplitude of ongoing oscillatory activity is known to correlate with various aspects of perception, the influence of oscillatory phase on perception remains unknown. In particular, since phase varies on a much faster timescale than the more sluggish amplitude fluctuations, phase effects could reveal the fine-grained neural mechanisms underlying perception. We presented brief flashes of light at the individual luminance threshold while EEG was recorded. Although the stimulus on each trial was identical, subjects detected approximately half of the flashes (hits) and entirely missed the other half (misses). Phase distributions across trials were compared between hits and misses. We found that shortly before stimulus onset, each of the two distributions exhibited significant phase concentration, but at different phase angles. This effect was strongest in the theta and alpha frequency bands. In this time-frequency range, oscillatory phase accounted for at least 16\% of variability in detection performance and allowed the prediction of performance on the single-trial level. This finding indicates that the visual detection threshold fluctuates over time along with the phase of ongoing EEG activity. The results support the notion that ongoing oscillations shape our perception, possibly by providing a temporal reference frame for neural codes that rely on precise spike timing.},
author = {Busch, Niko A and Dubois, Julien and VanRullen, Rufin},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Busch, Dubois, VanRullen - 2009 - The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Universit\'{e} de Toulouse, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Universit\'{e} Paul Sabatier, France. busch@cerco.ups-tlse.fr},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {adult,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,brain mapping,computer assisted,electroencephalography,female,humans,male,predictive value tests,reaction time,reaction time physiology,signal processing,spectrum analysis,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {24},
pages = {7869--7876},
pmid = {19535598},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{The phase of ongoing EEG oscillations predicts visual perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19535598},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{chickspine,
author = {Chub, N and {O 39;Donovan}, M J},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {1},
pages = {294--306},
title = {{Blockade and recovery of spontaneous rhythmic activity after application of neurotransmitter antagonists to spinal networks of the chick embryo.}},
url = {http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Blockade-recovery-spontaneous-rhythmic-activity/9412508.html},
volume = {18},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Dragoi2006,
abstract = {Both episodic memory and spatial navigation require temporal encoding of the relationships between events or locations. In a linear maze, ordered spatial distances between sequential locations were represented by the temporal relations of hippocampal place cell pairs within cycles of theta oscillation in a compressed manner. Such correlations could arise due to spike "phase precession" of independent neurons driven by common theta pacemaker or as a result of temporal coordination among specific hippocampal cell assemblies. We found that temporal correlation between place cell pairs was stronger than predicted by a pacemaker drive of independent neurons, indicating a critical role for synaptic interactions and precise timing within and across cell assemblies in place sequence representation. CA1 and CA3 ensembles, identifying spatial locations, were active preferentially on opposite phases of theta cycles. These observations suggest that interleaving CA3 neuronal sequences bind CA1 assemblies representing overlapping past, present, and future locations into single episodes.},
author = {Dragoi, George and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. gdragoi@mit.edu},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animal,animals,behavior,cell communication,cell communication physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,male,maze learning,memory,memory physiology,models,neural inhibition,neural pathways,neural pathways physiology,neurological,neurons,neurons classification,neurons physiology,rats,reaction time,reference books,space perception,space perception physiology,spatial behavior,sprague dawley,synaptic transmission,theta rhythm,time factors},
number = {1},
pages = {145--157},
pmid = {16600862},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Temporal encoding of place sequences by hippocampal cell assemblies.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16600862},
volume = {50},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Dragoi2011,
abstract = {During spatial exploration, hippocampal neurons show a sequential firing pattern in which individual neurons fire specifically at particular locations along the animal's trajectory (place cells). According to the dominant model of hippocampal cell assembly activity, place cell firing order is established for the first time during exploration, to encode the spatial experience, and is subsequently replayed during rest or slow-wave sleep for consolidation of the encoded experience. Here we report that temporal sequences of firing of place cells expressed during a novel spatial experience occurred on a significant number of occasions during the resting or sleeping period preceding the experience. This phenomenon, which is called preplay, occurred in disjunction with sequences of replay of a familiar experience. These results suggest that internal neuronal dynamics during resting or sleep organize hippocampal cellular assemblies into temporal sequences that contribute to the encoding of a related novel experience occurring in the future.},
author = {Dragoi, George and Tonegawa, Susumu},
institution = {The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Center for Neural Circuit Genetics, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. gdragoi@mit.edu},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7330},
pages = {397--401},
title = {{Preplay of future place cell sequences by hippocampal cellular assemblies.}},
volume = {469},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Friston2010,
abstract = {A free-energy principle has been proposed recently that accounts for action, perception and learning. This Review looks at some key brain theories in the biological (for example, neural Darwinism) and physical (for example, information theory and optimal control theory) sciences from the free-energy perspective. Crucially, one key theme runs through each of these theories - optimization. Furthermore, if we look closely at what is optimized, the same quantity keeps emerging, namely value (expected reward, expected utility) or its complement, surprise (prediction error, expected cost). This is the quantity that is optimized under the free-energy principle, which suggests that several global brain theories might be unified within a free-energy framework.},
author = {Friston, Karl},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Friston - 2010 - The free-energy principle a unified brain theory.pdf:pdf},
institution = {The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK. k.friston@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,brain,brain physiology,cognition,cognition physiology,humans,learning,learning physiology,nerve net,nerve net physiology,perception,perception physiology,psychological theory},
number = {2},
pages = {127--138},
pmid = {20068583},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20068583},
volume = {11},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Geisler2007,
abstract = {The phase of spikes of hippocampal pyramidal cells relative to the local field $\theta$ oscillation shifts forward (phase precession) over a full $\theta$ cycle as the animal crosses the cell's receptive field (place field). The linear relationship between the phase of the spikes and the travel distance within the place field is independent of the animal's running speed. This invariance of the phasedistance relationship is likely to be important for coordinated activity of hippocampal cells and space coding, yet the mechanism responsible for it is not known. Here we show that at faster running speeds place cells are active for fewer $\theta$ cycles but oscillate at a higher frequency and emit more spikes per cycle. As a result, the phase shift of spikes from cycle to cycle (i.e., temporal precession slope) is faster, yet spatial-phase precession stays unchanged. Interneurons can also show transient-phase precession and contribute to the formation of coherently precessing assemblies. We hypothesize that the speed-correlated acceleration of place cell assembly oscillation is responsible for the phasedistance invariance of hippocampal place cells.},
author = {Geisler, Caroline and Robbe, David and Zugaro, Micha\"{e}l and Sirota, Anton and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Geisler et al. - 2007 - Hippocampal place cell assemblies are speed-controlled oscillators.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.},
journal = {PNAS},
keywords = {animals,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,interneurons,interneurons physiology,long evans,male,neurons,neurons physiology,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,running,theta rhythm},
number = {19},
pages = {8149--8154},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
title = {{Hippocampal place cell assemblies are speed-controlled oscillators}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1876586\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{feedback,
abstract = {Previous studies have suggested that the descending pathway from the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus has only a mild facilitative influence over thalamic neurons. Given the large numbers of corticothalamic terminations within the rat somatosensory thalamus and their complex topography, we sought to examine the role of corticothalamic feedback in the genesis of spatiotemporal receptive fields and the integration of complex tactile stimuli in the thalamus. By combining focal cortical inactivation (produced by microinjection of the GABA(A) agonist muscimol), with chronic multielectrode recordings, we observed that feedback from the rat SI cortex has multiple influences on its primary thalamic relay, the ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus. Our data demonstrate that, when single-whisker stimuli were used, the elimination of cortical feedback caused significant changes in the spatiotemporal structure of the receptive fields of VPM neurons. Cortical feedback also accounted for the nonlinear summation of VPM neural responses to simultaneously stimulated whiskers, in effect "linearizing" the responses. These results argue that the integration and transmission of tactile information through VPM are strongly influenced by the state of SI cortex.},
author = {Ghazanfar, A A and Krupa, D J and Nicolelis, M A},
doi = {10.1007/s002210100849},
journal = {Exp Brain Res},
keywords = {11685413,animals,bibtex-import,cortex,dynamics,feedback,female,long-evans,neurons,nonlinear,nuclei,rats,reaction,somatosensory,thalamic,thalamus,time,ventral,vibrissae},
month = nov,
number = {1},
pages = {88--100},
title = {{Role of cortical feedback in the receptive field structure and nonlinear response properties of somatosensory thalamic neurons.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210100849},
volume = {141},
year = {2001}
}
@book{Gibson66,
author = {Gibson, James J},
booktitle = {The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems},
keywords = { vision,book},
publisher = {Houghton Mifflin Company},
title = {{The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems}},
url = {http://www.amazon.com/Senses-Considered-Perceptual-Systems/dp/0313239614},
year = {1966}
}
@article{Harris2003,
abstract = {Neurons can produce action potentials with high temporal precision. A fundamental issue is whether, and how, this capability is used in information processing. According to the 'cell assembly' hypothesis, transient synchrony of anatomically distributed groups of neurons underlies processing of both external sensory input and internal cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, neuron populations should be arranged into groups whose synchrony exceeds that predicted by common modulation by sensory input. Here we find that the spike times of hippocampal pyramidal cells can be predicted more accurately by using the spike times of simultaneously recorded neurons in addition to the animals location in space. This improvement remained when the spatial prediction was refined with a spatially dependent theta phase modulation. The time window in which spike times are best predicted from simultaneous peer activity is 10-30 ms, suggesting that cell assemblies are synchronized at this timescale. Because this temporal window matches the membrane time constant of pyramidal neurons, the period of the hippocampal gamma oscillation and the time window for synaptic plasticity, we propose that cooperative activity at this timescale is optimal for information transmission and storage in cortical circuits.},
author = {Harris, Kenneth D and Csicsvari, Jozsef and Hirase, Hajime and Dragoi, George and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6948},
pages = {552--556},
pmid = {12891358},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Organization of cell assemblies in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v424/n6948/abs/nature01834.html},
volume = {424},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Havenith2011,
abstract = {The synchronized activity of cortical neurons often features spike delays of several milliseconds. Usually, these delays are considered too small to play a role in cortical computations. Here, we use simultaneous recordings of spiking activity from up to 12 neurons to show that, in the cat visual cortex, the pairwise delays between neurons form a preferred order of spiking, called firing sequence. This sequence spans up to 15 ms and is referenced not to external events but to the internal cortical activity (e.g., beta/gamma oscillations). Most importantly, the preferred sequence of firing changed consistently as a function of stimulus properties. During beta/gamma oscillations, the reliability of firing sequences increased and approached that of firing rates. This suggests that, in the visual system, short-lived spatiotemporal patterns of spiking defined by consistent delays in synchronized activity occur with sufficient reliability to complement firing rates as a neuronal code.},
author = {Havenith, Martha N and Yu, Shan and Biederlack, Julia and Chen, Nan-Hui and Singer, Wolf and Nikoli\'{c}, Danko},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Havenith et al. - 2011 - Synchrony makes neurons fire in sequence, and stimulus properties determine who is ahead.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
number = {23},
pages = {8570--8584},
pmid = {21653861},
publisher = {Journal of Neuroscience},
title = {{Synchrony makes neurons fire in sequence, and stimulus properties determine who is ahead.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653861},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Hesselmann2008,
abstract = {Neural variability in responding to identical repeated stimuli has been related to trial-by-trial fluctuations in ongoing activity, yet the neural and perceptual consequences of these fluctuations remain poorly understood. Using functional neuroimaging, we recorded brain activity in subjects who reported perceptual decisions on an ambiguous figure, Rubin's vase-faces picture, which was briefly presented at variable intervals of > or = 20 s. Prestimulus activity in the fusiform face area, a cortical region preferentially responding to faces, was higher when subjects subsequently perceived faces instead of the vase. This finding suggests that endogenous variations in prestimulus neuronal activity biased subsequent perceptual inference. Furnishing evidence that evoked sensory responses, we then went on to show that the pre- and poststimulus activity interact in a nonlinear way and the ensuing perceptual decisions depend upon the prestimulus context in which they occur.},
author = {Hesselmann, Guido and Kell, Christian a and Eger, Evelyn and Kleinschmidt, Andreas},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0712043105},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {PNAS},
keywords = {Adult,Brain,Brain: metabolism,Brain: physiology,Discrimination (Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology): physiology,Evoked Potentials,Face,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Optical Illusions,Optical Illusions: physiology,Pattern Recognition,Photic Stimulation,Time Factors,Visual,Visual: physiology},
month = aug,
number = {31},
pages = {10984--10989},
pmid = {18664576},
title = {{Spontaneous local variations in ongoing neural activity bias perceptual decisions.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2504783\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Hipp2011,
abstract = {Normal brain function requires the dynamic interaction of functionally specialized but widely distributed cortical regions. Long-range synchronization of oscillatory signals has been suggested to mediate these interactions within large-scale cortical networks, but direct evidence is sparse. Here we show that oscillatory synchronization is organized in such large-scale networks. We implemented an analysis approach that allows for imaging synchronized cortical networks and applied this technique to EEG recordings in humans. We identified two networks: beta-band synchronization (\~{}20 Hz) in a fronto-parieto-occipital network and gamma-band synchronization (\~{}80 Hz) in a centro-temporal network. Strong perceptual correlates support their functional relevance: the strength of synchronization within these networks predicted the subjects' perception of an ambiguous audiovisual stimulus as well as the integration of auditory and visual information. Our results provide evidence that oscillatory neuronal synchronization mediates neuronal communication within frequency-specific, large-scale cortical networks.},
author = {Hipp, Joerg F and Engel, Andreas K and Siegel, Markus},
institution = {Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. j.hipp@uke.de},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {2},
pages = {387--396},
pmid = {21262474},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
title = {{Oscillatory synchronization in large-scale cortical networks predicts perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21262474},
volume = {69},
year = {2011}
}
@article{mamthal,
abstract = {Neuronal rhythmic activities within thalamocortical circuits range from partially synchronous oscillations during normal sleep to hypersynchrony associated with absence epilepsy. It has been proposed that recurrent inhibition within the thalamic reticular nucleus serves to reduce synchrony and thus prevents seizures. Inhibition and synchrony in slices from mice devoid of the $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor $\beta$3 subunit were examined, because in rodent thalamus, $\beta$3 is largely restricted to reticular nucleus. In $\beta$3 knockout mice, GABAA-mediated inhibition was nearly abolished in reticular nucleus, but was unaffected in relay cells. In addition, oscillatory synchrony was dramatically intensified. Thus, recurrent inhibitory connections within reticular nucleus act as “desynchronizers.”},
author = {Huntsman, Molly M and Porcello, Darrell M and Homanics, Gregg E and DeLorey, Timothy M and Huguenard, John R},
doi = {10.1126/science.283.5401.541},
journal = {Science},
number = {5401},
pages = {541--543},
title = {{Reciprocal Inhibitory Connections and Network Synchrony in the Mammalian Thalamus}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/283/5401/541.abstract},
volume = {283},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Huxter2003,
abstract = {In the brain, hippocampal pyramidal cells use temporal1 as well as rate2 coding to signal spatial aspects of the animal's environment or behaviour. The temporal code takes the form of a phase relationship to the concurrent cycle of the hippocampal electroencephalogram theta rhythm1. These two codes could each represent a different variable3, 4. However, this requires the rate and phase to vary independently, in contrast to recent suggestions5, 6 that they are tightly coupled, both reflecting the amplitude of the cell's input. Here we show that the time of firing and firing rate are dissociable, and can represent two independent variables: respectively the animal's location within the place field, and its speed of movement through the field. Independent encoding of location together with actions and stimuli occurring there may help to explain the dual roles of the hippocampus in spatial and episodic memory7, 8, or may indicate a more general role of the hippocampus in relational/declarative memory9, 10.},
author = {Huxter, John and Burgess, Neil and O'Keefe, John},
institution = {Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6960},
pages = {828--832},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Independent rate and temporal coding in hippocampal pyramidal cells}},
url = {http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/5037/},
volume = {425},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Iversen2009,
abstract = {Our perceptions are shaped by both extrinsic stimuli and intrinsic interpretation. The perceptual experience of a simple rhythm, for example, depends upon its metrical interpretation (where one hears the beat). Such interpretation can be altered at will, providing a model to study the interaction of endogenous and exogenous influences in the cognitive organization of perception. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we measured brain responses evoked by a repeating, rhythmically ambiguous phrase (two tones followed by a rest). In separate trials listeners were instructed to impose different metrical organizations on the rhythm by mentally placing the downbeat on either the first or the second tone. Since the stimulus was invariant, differences in brain activity between the two conditions should relate to endogenous metrical interpretation. Metrical interpretation influenced early evoked neural responses to tones, specifically in the upper beta range (20-30 Hz). Beta response was stronger (by 64\% on average) when a tone was imagined to be the beat, compared to when it was not. A second experiment established that the beta increase closely resembles that due to physical accents, and thus may represent the genesis of a subjective accent. The results demonstrate endogenous modulation of early auditory responses, and suggest a unique role for the beta band in linking of endogenous and exogenous processing. Given the suggested role of beta in motor processing and long-range intracortical coordination, it is hypothesized that the motor system influences metrical interpretation of sound, even in the absence of overt movement.},
author = {Iversen, John R and Repp, Bruno H and Patel, Aniruddh D},
institution = {The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California 92121, USA. iversen@nsi.edu},
journal = {Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences},
keywords = {acoustic stimulation,acoustic stimulation methods,adolescent,adult,auditory,auditory perception,auditory perception physiology,auditory physiology,child,evoked potentials,humans,infant,magnetoencephalography,periodicity,preschool,young adult},
number = {1},
pages = {58--73},
pmid = {19673755},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{Top-down control of rhythm perception modulates early auditory responses.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19673755},
volume = {1169},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Jeewajee2014,
abstract = {Place and grid cells in the rodent hippocampal formation tend to fire spikes at successively earlier phases relative to the local field potential theta rhythm as the animal runs through the cell's firing field on a linear track. However, this 'phase precession' effect is less well characterized during foraging in two-dimensional open field environments. Here, we mapped runs through the firing fields onto a unit circle to pool data from multiple runs. We asked which of seven behavioural and physiological variables show the best circular-linear correlation with the theta phase of spikes from place cells in hippocampal area CA1 and from grid cells from superficial layers of medial entorhinal cortex. The best correlate was the distance to the firing field peak projected onto the animal's current running direction. This was significantly stronger than other correlates, such as instantaneous firing rate and time-in-field, but similar in strength to correlates with other measures of distance travelled through the firing field. Phase precession was stronger in place cells than grid cells overall, and robust phase precession was seen in traversals through firing field peripheries (although somewhat less than in traversals through the centre), consistent with phase coding of displacement along the current direction. This type of phase coding, of place field distance ahead of or behind the animal, may be useful for allowing calculation of goal directions during navigation.},
author = {Jeewajee, A and Barry, C and Douchamps, V and Manson, D and Lever, C and Burgess, N},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0532},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London.},
number = {1635},
pages = {20120532},
pmid = {24366140},
title = {{Theta phase precession of grid and place cell firing in open environments.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24366140},
volume = {369},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Jeewajee2008,
abstract = {The oscillatory interference model (Burgess et al. (2007) Hippocampus 17:801-812) explains the generation of spatially stable, regular firing patterns by medial entorhinal cortical (mEC) grid cells in terms of the interference between velocity-controlled oscillators (VCOs) with different preferred directions. This model predicts specific relationships between the intrinsic firing frequency and spatial scale of grid cell firing, the EEG theta frequency, and running speed (Burgess,2008). Here, we use spectral analyses of EEG and of spike autocorrelograms to estimate the intrinsic firing frequency of grid cells, and the concurrent theta frequency, in mEC Layer II in freely moving rats. The intrinsic firing frequency of grid cells increased with running speed and decreased with grid scale, according to the quantitative prediction of the model. Similarly, theta frequency increased with running speed, which was also predicted by the model. An alternative Moir\'{e} interference model (Blair et al.,2007) predicts a direction-dependent variation in intrinsic firing frequency, which was not found. Our results suggest that interference between VCOs generates the spatial firing patterns of entorhinal grid cells according to the oscillatory interference model. They also provide specific constraints on this model of grid cell firing and have more general implications for viewing neuronal processing in terms of interfering oscillatory processes.},
author = {Jeewajee, A and Barry, Caswell and O'Keefe, John and Burgess, Neil},
journal = {Hippocampus},
number = {12},
pages = {1175--1185},
title = {{Grid cells and theta as oscillatory interference: electrophysiological data from freely moving rats.}},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed\&id=19021251\&retmode=ref\&cmd=prlinks},
volume = {18},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Klausberger2008,
abstract = {In the cerebral cortex, diverse types of neurons form intricate circuits and cooperate in time for the processing and storage of information. Recent advances reveal a spatiotemporal division of labor in cortical circuits, as exemplified in the CA1 hippocampal area. In particular, distinct GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid-releasing) cell types subdivide the surface of pyramidal cells and act in discrete time windows, either on the same or on different subcellular compartments. They also interact with glutamatergic pyramidal cell inputs in a domain-specific manner and support synaptic temporal dynamics, network oscillations, selection of cell assemblies, and the implementation of brain states. The spatiotemporal specializations in cortical circuits reveal that cellular diversity and temporal dynamics coemerged during evolution, providing a basis for cognitive behavior.},
author = {Klausberger, Thomas and Somogyi, Peter},
doi = {10.1126/science.1149381},
institution = {MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TH, UK. thomas.klausberger@pharm.ox.ac.uk},
isbn = {1095-9203 (Electronic)$\backslash$n0036-8075 (Linking)},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5885},
pages = {53--57},
pmid = {18599766},
title = {{Neuronal diversity and temporal dynamics: the unity of hippocampal circuit operations.}},
volume = {321},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lima2011,
abstract = {Gamma oscillations have been linked to selective attention. Here, we investigate the effects of expecting a behaviorally relevant event (a change in the fixation point) on the oscillatory patterning of the local field potential and spiking responses in V1. Three protocols were used. In the first protocol, fixation point change occurred at a fixed time point, enabling predictions on task timing. In the second, fixation point change occurred in trial blocks either early or late in the trial, allowing us to compare responses during epochs of low and high expectation. Finally, we used a cue to indicate the upcoming fixation point change. All protocols led to an increase in gamma oscillations associated with alpha suppression when the monkeys expected an event in time. These effects were spatially widespread, since comparable results were observed for both central and peripheral visual representations in V1. Our findings indicate that expectations associated with perceptual decisions, motor responses, or upcoming reward may have a strong effect on the primary visual cortex, causing global, spatially nonselective modulation of gamma activity.},
author = {Lima, B and Singer, W and Neuenschwander, S},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0957-11.2011},
issn = {02706474},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
number = {44},
pages = {15919--15931},
pmid = {22049435},
title = {{Gamma Responses Correlate with Temporal Expectation in Monkey Primary Visual Cortex}},
url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0957-11.2011},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@book{Marinelli2011,
abstract = {Accessibility requirements that apply to commercial, residential, and existing buildings. The book focuses on four industry publications: the International buidling code and its Accessibility reference standard, the Revised American with disabilities act, architectural barriers act accessibility guidelines, and the federal Fair housing act's accessibility guidelines.},
author = {Marinelli, Dominic and {International Code Council}},
booktitle = {Code source},
isbn = {9781111037246},
keywords = {barrier free design law legislation.,barrier free design united states handbooks,manua},
pages = {vi, 54 p.},
publisher = {Delmar Publishers},
title = {{Code source : accessibility}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Mathewson2009,
abstract = {We often fail to see something that at other times is readily detectable. Because the visual stimulus itself is unchanged, this variability in conscious awareness is likely related to changes in the brain. Here we show that the phase of EEG alpha rhythm measured over posterior brain regions can reliably predict both subsequent visual detection and stimulus-elicited cortical activation levels in a metacontrast masking paradigm. When a visual target presentation coincides with the trough of an alpha wave, cortical activation is suppressed as early as 100 ms after stimulus onset, and observers are less likely to detect the target. Thus, during one alpha cycle lasting 100 ms, the human brain goes through a rapid oscillation in excitability, which directly influences the probability that an environmental stimulus will reach conscious awareness. Moreover, ERPs to the appearance of a fixation cross before the target predict its detection, further suggesting that cortical excitability level may mediate target detection. A novel theory of cortical inhibition is proposed in which increased alpha power represents a "pulsed inhibition" of cortical activity that affects visual awareness.},
author = {Mathewson, Kyle E and Gratton, Gabriele and Fabiani, Monica and Beck, Diane M and Ro, Tony},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3963-08.2009},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Awareness,Awareness: physiology,Contrast Sensitivity,Electroencephalography,Electrophysiology,Evoked Potentials,Female,Fixation,Humans,Male,Ocular,Photic Stimulation,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Visual,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology,Visual: physiology,Young Adult},
month = mar,
number = {9},
pages = {2725--32},
pmid = {19261866},
title = {{To see or not to see: prestimulus alpha phase predicts visual awareness.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2724892\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{McLelland2009,
abstract = {Theoretical and experimental studies suggest that oscillatory modes of processing play an important role in neuronal computations. One well supported idea is that the net excitatory input during oscillations will be reported in the phase of firing, a 'rate-to-phase transform', and that this transform might enable a temporal code. Here, we investigate the efficiency of this code at the level of fundamental single cell computations. We first develop a general framework for the understanding of the rate-to-phase transform as implemented by single neurons. Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings of rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons in vitro, we investigated the relationship between tonic excitation and phase of firing during simulated theta frequency (5 Hz) and gamma frequency (40 Hz) oscillations, over a range of physiological firing rates. During theta frequency oscillations, the phase of the first spike per cycle was a near-linear function of tonic excitation, advancing through a full 180 deg, from the peak to the trough of the oscillation cycle as excitation increased. In contrast, this relationship was not apparent for gamma oscillations, during which the phase of firing was virtually independent of the level of tonic excitatory input within the range of physiological firing rates. We show that a simple analytical model can substantially capture this behaviour, enabling generalization to other oscillatory states and cell types. The capacity of such a transform to encode information is limited by the temporal precision of neuronal activity. Using the data from our whole cell recordings, we calculated the information about the input available in the rate or phase of firing, and found the phase code to be significantly more efficient. Thus, temporal modes of processing can enable neuronal coding to be inherently more efficient, thereby allowing a reduction in processing time or in the number of neurons required.},
author = {McLelland, Douglas and Paulsen, Ole},
institution = {Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. douglas.mclelland@dpag.ox.ac.uk},
journal = {The Journal of Physiology},
number = {Pt 4},
pages = {769--785},
publisher = {Blackwell Science Inc},
title = {{Neuronal oscillations and the rate-to-phase transform: mechanism, model and mutual information}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2669970\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {587},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Mizuseki2013,
abstract = {Despite the importance of the discharge frequency in neuronal communication, little is known about the firing-rate patterns of cortical populations. Using large-scale recordings from multiple layers of the entorhinal-hippocampal loop, we found that the firing rates of principal neurons showed a lognormal-like distribution in all brain states. Mean and peak rates within place fields of hippocampal neurons were also strongly skewed. Importantly, firing rates of the same neurons showed reliable correlations in different brain states and testing situations, as well as across familiar and novel environments. The fraction of neurons that participated in population oscillations displayed a lognormal pattern. Such skewed firing rates of individual neurons may be due to a skewed distribution of synaptic weights, which is supported by our observation of a lognormal distribution of the efficacy of spike transfer from principal neurons to interneurons. The persistent skewed distribution of firing rates implies that a preconfigured, highly active minority dominates information transmission in cortical networks},
author = {Mizuseki, Kenji and Buzsaki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Mizuseki, Buzsaki - 2013 - Preconfigured, skewed distribution of firing rates in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Cell Reports},
number = {5},
pages = {1010--1021},
pmid = {23994479},
title = {{Preconfigured, skewed distribution of firing rates in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex}},
volume = {4},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Nadasdy1999,
abstract = {Information in neuronal networks may be represented by the spatiotemporal patterns of spikes. Here we examined the temporal coordination of pyramidal cell spikes in the rat hippocampus during slow-wave sleep. In addition, rats were trained to run in a defined position in space (running wheel) to activate a selected group of pyramidal cells. A template-matching method and a joint probability map method were used for sequence search. Repeating spike sequences in excess of chance occurrence were examined by comparing the number of repeating sequences in the original spike trains and in surrogate trains after Monte Carlo shuffling of the spikes. Four different shuffling procedures were used to control for the population dynamics of hippocampal neurons. Repeating spike sequences in the recorded cell assemblies were present in both the awake and sleeping animal in excess of what might be predicted by random variations. Spike sequences observed during wheel running were "replayed" at a faster timescale during single sharp-wave bursts of slow-wave sleep. We hypothesize that the endogenously expressed spike sequences during sleep reflect reactivation of the circuitry modified by previous experience. Reactivation of acquired sequences may serve to consolidate information.},
author = {N\'{a}dasdy, Z and Hirase, H and Czurk\'{o}, A and Csicsvari, J and Buzs\'{a}ki, G},
institution = {Center for Molecular Neuroscience, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,brain mapping,brain mapping methods,evoked potentials,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,models,monte carlo method,motor activity,motor activity physiology,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neurological,neurons,neurons physiology,probability,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,sleep,sleep physiology,sprague dawley,time factors,wakefulness,wakefulness physiology},
number = {21},
pages = {9497--9507},
pmid = {10531452},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
title = {{Replay and time compression of recurring spike sequences in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531452},
volume = {19},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Pastalkova2008,
abstract = {A long-standing conjecture in neuroscience is that aspects of cognition depend on the brain's ability to self-generate sequential neuronal activity. We found that reliably and continually changing cell assemblies in the rat hippocampus appeared not only during spatial navigation but also in the absence of changing environmental or body-derived inputs. During the delay period of a memory task, each moment in time was characterized by the activity of a particular assembly of neurons. Identical initial conditions triggered a similar assembly sequence, whereas different conditions gave rise to different sequences, thereby predicting behavioral choices, including errors. Such sequences were not formed in control (nonmemory) tasks. We hypothesize that neuronal representations, evolved for encoding distance in spatial navigation, also support episodic recall and the planning of action sequences.},
author = {Pastalkova, Eva and Itskov, Vladimir and Amarasingham, Asohan and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5894},
pages = {1322--1327},
title = {{Internally generated cell assembly sequences in the rat hippocampus.}},
volume = {321},
year = {2008}
}
@article{PENFIELD1958,
abstract = {Detailed neurological and psychological study of 4 patients shows "that the capacity to record the daily current of conscious experiences may be lost when there is bilateral destruction of a man's hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus. Functional paralysis of this recording mechanism does not, however, interfere with the patient's intellectual performance in other psychological tests not dependent on recent memory. Skills, language, and all those things which have already been learned are not lost." It is concluded that "an essential part of the recording mechanism is contained in the hippocampal zone."},
author = {PENFIELD, W and MILNER, B},
journal = {A. M. A. archives of neurology and psychiatry},
keywords = {HIPPOCAMPUS/physiology,MEMORY},
number = {5},
pages = {475--497},
title = {{Memory deficit produced by bilateral lesions in the hippocampal zone.}},
volume = {79},
year = {1958}
}
@article{Pfeiffer2013,
abstract = {Effective navigation requires planning extended routes to remembered goal locations. Hippocampal place cells have been proposed to have a role in navigational planning, but direct evidence has been lacking. Here we show that before goal-directed navigation in an open arena, the rat hippocampus generates brief sequences encoding spatial trajectories strongly biased to progress from the subject's current location to a known goal location. These sequences predict immediate future behaviour, even in cases in which the specific combination of start and goal locations is novel. These results indicate that hippocampal sequence events characterized previously in linearly constrained environments as 'replay' are also capable of supporting a goal-directed, trajectory-finding mechanism, which identifies important places and relevant behavioural paths, at specific times when memory retrieval is required, and in a manner that could be used to control subsequent navigational behaviour.},
author = {Pfeiffer, Brad E and Foster, David J},
doi = {10.1038/nature12112},
isbn = {0028-0836},
issn = {1476-4687},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {Animals,Decision Making,Decision Making: physiology,Goals,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: cytology,Hippocampus: physiology,Locomotion,Locomotion: physiology,Male,Memory,Memory: physiology,Probability,Rats,Rats, Long-Evans},
number = {7447},
pages = {74--9},
pmid = {23594744},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Hippocampal place-cell sequences depict future paths to remembered goals.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594744},
volume = {497},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Ramachandran2011,
author = {Ramachandran, S and Hubbard, E M},
journal = {Imprint},
number = {12},
pages = {3--34},
title = {{Perception , Thought and Language}},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Rao1999,
abstract = {We describe a model of visual processing in which feedback connections from a higher- to a lower-order visual cortical area carry predictions of lower-level neural activities, whereas the feedforward connections carry the residual errors between the predictions and the actual lower-level activities. When exposed to natural images, a hierarchical network of model neurons implementing such a model developed simple-cell-like receptive fields. A subset of neurons responsible for carrying the residual errors showed endstopping and other extra-classical receptive-field effects. These results suggest that rather than being exclusively feedforward phenomena, nonclassical surround effects in the visual cortex may also result from cortico-cortical feedback as a consequence of the visual system using an efficient hierarchical strategy for encoding natural images.},
author = {Rao, R P and Ballard, D H},
institution = {Salk Institute, Sloan Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, La Jolla, California, USA. rao@salk.edu},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
keywords = {feedback,forecasting,models,neural networks (computer),neurological,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology,visual pathways,visual pathways physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {79--87},
pmid = {10195184},
publisher = {NATURE AMERICA},
title = {{Predictive coding in the visual cortex: a functional interpretation of some extra-classical receptive-field effects.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195184},
volume = {2},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Renno-Costa2010,
abstract = {Rate remapping is a recently revealed neural code in which sensory information modulates the firing rate of hippocampal place cells. The mechanism underlying rate remapping is unknown. Its characteristic modulation, however, must arise from the interaction of the two major inputs to the hippocampus, the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), in which grid cells represent the spatial position of the rat, and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), in which cells represent the sensory properties of the environment. We have used computational methods to elucidate the mechanism by which this interaction produces rate remapping. We show that the convergence of LEC and MEC inputs, in conjunction with a competitive network process mediated by feedback inhibition, can account quantitatively for this phenomenon. The same principle accounts for why different place fields of the same cell vary independently as sensory information is altered. Our results show that rate remapping can be explained in terms of known mechanisms.},
author = {Renn\'{o}-Costa, C\'{e}sar and Lisman, John E and Verschure, Paul F M J},
institution = {Laboratory of Synthetic Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Technology Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain.},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {6},
pages = {1051--1058},
publisher = {Cell Press},
title = {{The mechanism of rate remapping in the dentate gyrus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172608},
volume = {68},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Romei2010,
abstract = {The posterior alpha rhythm (8-14 Hz), originating in occipito-parietal areas through thalamocortical generation, displays characteristics of visual activity in anticipation of visual events. Posterior alpha power is influenced by visual spatial attention via top-down control from higher order attention areas such as the frontal eye field. It covaries with visual cortex excitability, as tested through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and predicts the perceptual fate of a forthcoming visual stimulus. Yet, it is still unknown whether the nature of the relationship between this prestimulus alpha oscillation and upcoming perception is causal or only correlative. Here, we tested in the human brain whether the oscillation in the alpha band is causally shaping perception through directly stimulating visual areas via short trains of rhythmic TMS. We compared stimulation at alpha frequency (10 Hz) with two control frequencies in the theta (5 Hz) and beta bands (20 Hz), and assessed immediate perceptual outcomes. Target visibility was significantly modulated by alpha stimulation, relative to both control conditions. Alpha stimulation selectively impaired visual detection in the visual field opposite to the stimulated hemisphere, while enhancing detection ipsilaterally. These frequency-specific effects were observed both for stimulation over occipital and parietal areas of the left and right hemispheres and were short lived: they were observed by the end of the TMS train but were absent 3 s later. This shows that the posterior alpha rhythm is actively involved in shaping forthcoming perception and, hence, constitutes a substrate rather than a mere correlate of visual input regulation.},
author = {Romei, V and Gross, J and Thut, G},
institution = {Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK.},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {adult,alpha rhythm,analysis variance,attention,attention physiology,brain mapping,computer assisted,female,functional laterality,functional laterality physiology,humans,image processing,male,occipital lobe,occipital lobe physiology,parietal lobe,parietal lobe physiology,photic stimulation,transcranial magnetic stimulation,visual pathways,visual pathways physiology,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {25},
pages = {8692--8697},
publisher = {SOC NEUROSCIENCE},
title = {{On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation?}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/101054/},
volume = {30},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Romei2011,
abstract = {Neural networks underlying visual perception exhibit oscillations at different frequencies (e.g.,). But how these map onto distinct aspects of visual perception remains elusive. Recent electroencephalography data indicate that theta or beta frequencies at parietal sensors increase in amplitude when conscious perception is dominated by global or local features, respectively, of a reversible visual stimulus. But this provides only correlative, noninterventional evidence. Here we show via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions that short rhythmic bursts of right-parietal TMS at theta or beta frequency can causally benefit processing of global or local levels, respectively, for hierarchical visual stimuli, especially in the context of salient incongruent distractors. This double dissociation between theta and beta TMS reveals distinct causal roles for particular frequencies in processing global versus local visual features.},
author = {Romei, Vincenzo and Driver, Jon and Schyns, Philippe G and Thut, Gregor},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.035},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
keywords = {Adult,Female,Humans,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: methods,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: physiology,Young Adult},
month = feb,
number = {4},
pages = {334--337},
pmid = {21315592},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Rhythmic TMS over parietal cortex links distinct brain frequencies to global versus local visual processing.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3063337\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Salinas2001,
abstract = {For years we have known that cortical neurons collectively have synchronous or oscillatory patterns of activity, the frequencies and temporal dynamics of which are associated with distinct behavioural states. Although the function of these oscillations has remained obscure, recent experimental and theoretical results indicate that correlated fluctuations might be important for cortical processes, such as attention, that control the flow of information in the brain.},
author = {Salinas, E and Sejnowski, T J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Salinas, Sejnowski - 2001 - Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,attention,attention physiology,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex cytology,cerebral cortex physiology,humans,models,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neurological,neurons,neurons physiology},
number = {8},
pages = {539--550},
pmid = {11483997},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19077122},
volume = {2},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Sauseng2005,
abstract = {Event-related potentials and ongoing oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) activity were measured while subjects performed a cued visual spatial attention task. They were instructed to shift their attention to either the left or right visual hemifield according to a cue, which could be valid or invalid. Thereafter, a peripheral target had to be evaluated. At posterior parietal brain areas early components of the event-related potential (P1 and N1) were higher when the cue had been valid compared with invalid. An anticipatory attention effect was found in EEG alpha magnitude at parieto-occipital electrode sites. Starting 200 ms before target onset alpha amplitudes were significantly stronger suppressed at sites contralateral to the attended visual hemifield than ipsilateral to it. In addition, phase coupling between prefrontal and posterior parietal electrode sites was calculated. It was found that prefrontal cortex shows stronger phase coupling with posterior sites that are contralateral to the attended hemifield than ipsilateral sites. The results suggest that a shift of attention selectively modulates excitability of the contralateral posterior parietal cortex and that this posterior modulation of alpha activity is controlled by prefrontal regions.},
author = {Sauseng, P and Klimesch, W and Stadler, W and Schabus, M and Doppelmayr, M and Hanslmayr, S and Gruber, W R and Birbaumer, N},
doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04482.x},
issn = {0953-816X},
journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
keywords = {Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Attention,Attention: physiology,Cues,Electroencephalography,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: cytology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology},
month = dec,
number = {11},
pages = {2917--2926},
pmid = {16324126},
title = {{A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16324126},
volume = {22},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Sejnowski2006,
abstract = {Despite extensive work on the behavioral and physiological correlates of brain rhythms, it is still unresolved whether they have any important function in the mammalian cerebral cortex. In particular, there is no consensus on whether there are general computational roles for network oscillations. Three main possibilities will be discussed here. One possibility is that network oscillations contribute to representation of information. A second idea is that, rather than representing information as such, oscillations and synchrony regulate the flow of information in neural circuits. A third possibility is that oscillations assist in the storage and retrieval of information in neural circuits. These three possibilities are not mutually exclusive.},
author = {Sejnowski, Terrence J and Paulsen, Ole},
institution = {Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. terry@salk.edu},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
number = {6},
pages = {1673--1676},
pmid = {16467514},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Network oscillations: emerging computational principles.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16467514},
volume = {26},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Schizosynch,
abstract = {Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a failure of cognitive integration, and abnormalities in neural circuitry (particularly inhibitory interneurons) have been proposed as a basis for this disorder. We used measures of phase locking and phase coherence in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram to examine the synchronization of neural circuits in schizophrenia. Compared with matched control subjects, schizophrenia patients demonstrated: (1) absence of the posterior component of the early visual gamma band response to Gestalt stimuli; (2) abnormalities in the topography, latency, and frequency of the anterior component of this response; (3) delayed onset of phase coherence changes; and (4) the pattern of anterior-posterior coherence increases in response to Gestalt stimuli found in controls was replaced by a pattern of interhemispheric coherence decreases in patients. These findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with impaired neural circuitry demonstrated as a failure of gamma band synchronization, especially in the 40 Hz range.},
author = {Spencer, K M and Nestor, P G and Niznikiewicz, M A and Salisbury, D F and Shenton, M E and McCarley, R W},
institution = {Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts 02301, USA.},
publisher = {J Neurosci},
title = {{Abnormal Neural Synchrony in Schizophrenia}},
year = {2003}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011bd,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011v,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011bc,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011g,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011bb,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011u,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011z,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Thorpe2001,
abstract = {Most experimental and theoretical studies of brain function assume that neurons transmit information as a rate code, but recent studies on the speed of visual processing impose temporal constraints that appear incompatible with such a coding scheme. Other coding schemes that use the pattern of spikes across a population a neurons may be much more efficient. For example, since strongly activated neurons tend to fire first, one can use the order of firing as a code. We argue that Rank Order Coding is not only very efficient, but also easy to implement in biological hardware: neurons can be made sensitive to the order of activation of their inputs by including a feed-forward shunting inhibition mechanism that progressively desensitizes the neuronal population during a wave of afferent activity. In such a case, maximum activation will only be produced when the afferent inputs are activated in the order of their synaptic weights.},
author = {Thorpe, S and Delorme, A and {Van Rullen}, R},
institution = {Centre de Recherche Cerveau \& Cognition UMR 5549, Toulouse, France. thorpe@cerco.ups-tlse.fr},
journal = {Neural Networks},
number = {6-7},
pages = {715--725},
pmid = {11665765},
publisher = {Elsevier},
series = {Annual Review of Plant Biology},
title = {{Spike-based strategies for rapid processing.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11665765},
volume = {14},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Thorpe1990,
author = {Thorpe, Simon J},
editor = {Eckmiller, R and Hartmann, G and Hauske, G},
isbn = {9780444883902},
journal = {Parallel processing in neural systems},
pages = {91--94},
publisher = {North-Holland Elsevier},
title = {{Spike arrival times: A highly efficient coding scheme for neural networks}},
url = {http://pop.cerco.ups-tlse.fr/fr\_vers/documents/thorpe\_sj\_90\_91.pdf},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Thut2006,
abstract = {Covertly directing visual attention toward a spatial location in the absence of visual stimulation enhances future visual processing at the attended position. The neuronal correlates of these attention shifts involve modulation of neuronal "baseline" activity in early visual areas, presumably through top-down control from higher-order attentional systems. We used electroencephalography to study the largely unknown relationship between these neuronal modulations and behavioral outcome in an attention orienting paradigm. Covert visuospatial attention shifts to either a left or right peripheral position in the absence of visual stimulation resulted in differential modulations of oscillatory alpha-band (8-14 Hz) activity over left versus right posterior sites. These changes were driven by varying degrees of alpha-decreases being maximal contralateral to the attended position. When expressed as a lateralization index, these alpha-changes differed significantly between attention conditions, with negative values (alpha\_right < alpha\_left) indexing leftward and more positive values (alpha\_left < or = alpha\_right) indexing rightward attention. Moreover, this index appeared deterministic for processing of forthcoming visual targets. Collapsed over trials, there was an advantage for left target processing in accordance with an overall negative bias in alpha-index values. Across trials, left targets were detected most rapidly when preceded by negative index values. Detection of right targets was fastest in trials with most positive values. Our data indicate that collateral modulations of posterior alpha-activity, the momentary bias of visuospatial attention, and imminent visual processing are linked. They suggest that the momentary direction of attention, predicting spatial biases in imminent visual processing, can be estimated from a lateralization index of posterior alpha-activity.},
author = {Thut, Gregor and Nietzel, Annika and Brandt, Stephan a and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0875-06.2006},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Attention,Attention: physiology,Bias (Epidemiology),Cues,Evoked Potentials,Female,Fixation,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Ocular,Ocular: physiology,Orientation,Orientation: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Predictive Value of Tests,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Visual,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Visual Pathways: physiology,Visual: physiology},
month = sep,
number = {37},
pages = {9494--9502},
pmid = {16971533},
title = {{Alpha-band electroencephalographic activity over occipital cortex indexes visuospatial attention bias and predicts visual target detection.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971533},
volume = {26},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Uhlhaas2009,
author = {Uhlhaas, Peter J and Pipa, Gordon and Lima, Bruss and Melloni, Lucia and Neuenschwander, Sergio and Nikolic, Danko and Lin, Shih-chieh},
doi = {10.3389/neuro.07},
journal = {Neuroscience},
keywords = {cognition,cortex,gamma,oscillations,synchrony},
number = {July},
pages = {1--19},
title = {{Neural synchrony in cortical networks : history , concept and current status}},
volume = {3},
year = {2009}
}
@article{VanLeeuwen2011,
abstract = {Synesthesia provides an elegant model to investigate neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in subjective experience in humans. In grapheme-color synesthesia, written letters induce color sensations, accompanied by activation of color area V4. Competing hypotheses suggest that enhanced V4 activity during synesthesia is either induced by direct bottom-up cross-activation from grapheme processing areas within the fusiform gyrus, or indirectly via higher-order parietal areas. Synesthetes differ in the way synesthetic color is perceived: "projector" synesthetes experience color externally colocalized with a presented grapheme, whereas "associators" report an internally evoked association. Using dynamic causal modeling for fMRI, we show that V4 cross-activation during synesthesia was induced via a bottom-up pathway (within fusiform gyrus) in projector synesthetes, but via a top-down pathway (via parietal lobe) in associators. These findings show how altered coupling within the same network of active regions leads to differences in subjective experience. Our findings reconcile the two most influential cross-activation accounts of synesthesia.},
author = {van Leeuwen, Tessa M and den Ouden, Hanneke E M and Hagoort, Peter},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0569-11.2011},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
keywords = {Adult,Bayes Theorem,Brain Mapping,Color Perception,Color Perception: physiology,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Individuality,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Male,Models, Biological,Nonlinear Dynamics,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Pattern Recognition, Visual: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Statistics as Topic,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: blood supply,Visual Cortex: physiology,Young Adult},
month = jul,
number = {27},
pages = {9879--84},
pmid = {21734279},
title = {{Effective connectivity determines the nature of subjective experience in grapheme-color synesthesia.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734279},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Ward2005,
author = {Ward, Jamie and Mattingley, Jason B},
journal = {Cortex},
pages = {129--136},
title = {{SYNAESTHESIA : AN OVERVIEW OF CONTEMPORARY FINDINGS AND CONTROVERSIES}},
volume = {42},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Wilson1993,
abstract = {Ensemble recordings of 73 to 148 rat hippocampal neurons were used to predict accurately the animals' movement through their environment, which confirms that the hippocampus transmits an ensemble code for location. In a novel space, the ensemble code was initially less robust but improved rapidly with exploration. During this period, the activity of many inhibitory cells was suppressed, which suggests that new spatial information creates conditions in the hippocampal circuitry that are conducive to the synaptic modification presumed to be involved in learning. Development of a new population code for a novel environment did not substantially alter the code for a familiar one, which suggests that the interference between the two spatial representations was very small. The parallel recording methods outlined here make possible the study of the dynamics of neuronal interactions during unique behavioral events.},
author = {Wilson, M A and McNaughton, B L},
institution = {Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5124},
pages = {1055--1058},
pmid = {8351520},
title = {{Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space.}},
volume = {261},
year = {1993}
}
@article{texture,
abstract = {Rats discriminate surface textures using their whiskers (vibrissae), but how whiskers extract texture information, and how this information is encoded by the brain, are not known. In the resonance model, whisker motion across different textures excites mechanical resonance in distinct subsets of whiskers, due to variation across whiskers in resonance frequency, which varies with whisker length. Texture information is therefore encoded by the spatial pattern of activated whiskers. In the competing kinetic signature model, different textures excite resonance equally across whiskers, and instead, texture is encoded by characteristic, nonuniform temporal patterns of whisker motion. We tested these models by measuring whisker motion in awake, behaving rats whisking in air and onto sandpaper surfaces. Resonant motion was prominent during whisking in air, with fundamental frequencies ranging from approximately 35 Hz for the long Delta whisker to approximately 110 Hz for the shorter D3 whisker. Resonant vibrations also occurred while whisking against textures, but the amplitude of resonance within single whiskers was independent of texture, contradicting the resonance model. Rather, whiskers resonated transiently during discrete, high-velocity, and high-acceleration slip-stick events, which occurred prominently during whisking on surfaces. The rate and magnitude of slip-stick events varied systematically with texture. These results suggest that texture is encoded not by differential resonant motion across whiskers, but by the magnitude and temporal pattern of slip-stick motion. These findings predict a temporal code for texture in neural spike trains.},
address = {Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.},
author = {Wolfe, J and Hill, D N and Pahlavan, S and Drew, P J and Kleinfeld, D and Feldman, D E},
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060215},
issn = {1545-7885},
journal = {PLoS Biology},
keywords = { rat, spatial, whisker,coding},
month = aug,
number = {8},
pmid = {18752354},
title = {{Texture coding in the rat whisker system: slip-stick versus differential resonance.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060215},
volume = {6},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Wood2000,
abstract = {Firing patterns of hippocampal complex-spike neurons were examined for the capacity to encode information important to the memory demands of a task even when the overt behavior and location of the animal are held constant. Neuronal activity was recorded as rats continuously alternated left and right turns from the central stem of a modified T maze. Two-thirds of the cells fired differentially as the rat traversed the common stem on left-turn and right-turn trials, even when potentially confounding variations in running speed, heading, and position on the stem were taken into account. Other cells fired differentially on the two trial types in combination with behavioral and spatial factors or appeared to fire similarly on both trial types. This pattern of results suggests that hippocampal representations encode some of the information necessary for representing specific memory episodes.},
author = {Wood, E R and Dudchenko, P A and Robitsek, R J and Eichenbaum, H},
doi = {10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00071-4},
institution = {Laboratory of Cognitive Neurobiology, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA. emma.wood@ed.ac.uk},
isbn = {0896-6273 (Print) 0896-6273 (Linking)},
issn = {08966273},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {3},
pages = {623--633},
pmid = {11055443},
title = {{Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Buehlmann2010,
abstract = {In recent experimental work it has been shown that neuronal interactions are modulated by neuronal synchronization and that this modulation depends on phase shifts in neuronal oscillations. This result suggests that connections in a network can be shaped through synchronization. Here, we test and expand this hypothesis using a model network. We use transfer entropy, an information theoretical measure, to quantify the exchanged information. We show that transferred information depends on the phase relation of the signal, that the amount of exchanged information increases as a function of oscillations in the signal and that the speed of the information transfer increases as a function of synchronization. This implies that synchronization makes information transport more efficient. In summary, our results reinforce the hypothesis that synchronization modulates neuronal interactions and provide further evidence that gamma band synchronization has behavioral relevance.},
author = {Buehlmann, Andres and Deco, Gustavo},
editor = {Friston, Karl J},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Buehlmann, Deco - 2010 - Optimal Information Transfer in the Cortex through Synchronization.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Computational Neuroscience, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. andres.buhlmann@upf.edu},
journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
number = {9},
pages = {10},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{Optimal Information Transfer in the Cortex through Synchronization}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000934},
volume = {6},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Cei2014,
author = {Cei, Anne and Girardeau, Gabrielle and Drieu, C\'{e}line and Kanbi, Karim El and Zugaro, Micha\"{e}l},
doi = {10.1038/nn.3698},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cei et al. - 2014 - Reversed theta sequences of hippocampal cell assemblies during backward travel.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
month = mar,
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Reversed theta sequences of hippocampal cell assemblies during backward travel}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.3698},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Dhamala2004,
author = {Dhamala, Mukeshwar and Jirsa, Viktor and Ding, Mingzhou},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.074104},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dhamala, Jirsa, Ding - 2004 - Enhancement of Neural Synchrony by Time Delay.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0031-9007},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
month = feb,
number = {7},
pages = {6--9},
title = {{Enhancement of Neural Synchrony by Time Delay}},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.074104},
volume = {92},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Gilden2001,
abstract = {The residual fluctuations that naturally arise in experimental inquiry are analyzed in terms of their time histories. Although these fluctuations are generally relegated to a statistical purgatory known as unexplained variance, this article shows that they may harbor a long-term memory process known as 1/f noise. This type of noise has been encountered in a number of biological and physical systems and is theorized to be a signature of dynamic complexity. Its presence in psychological data appears to be associated with the most elementary aspect of cognitive process, the formation of representations.},
author = {Gilden, D L},
institution = {Department of Psychology, Mezes 330, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. gilden@psy.utexas.edu},
journal = {Psychological Review},
keywords = {cognition,cognitive science,cognitive science statistics \& numerical data,discrimination (psychology),experimental,experimental statistics \& numerical d,humans,memory,psychological,psychology,reaction time,reaction time physiology,signal detection},
number = {1},
pages = {33--56},
pmid = {11212631},
title = {{Cognitive emissions of 1/f noise.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11212631},
volume = {108},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Groppe2011,
abstract = {Event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetic fields (ERFs) are typically analyzed via ANOVAs on mean activity in a priori windows. Advances in computing power and statistics have produced an alternative, mass univariate analyses consisting of thousands of statistical tests and powerful corrections for multiple comparisons. Such analyses are most useful when one has little a priori knowledge of effect locations or latencies, and for delineating effect boundaries. Mass univariate analyses complement and, at times, obviate traditional analyses. Here we review this approach as applied to ERP/ERF data and four methods for multiple comparison correction: strong control of the familywise error rate (FWER) via permutation tests, weak control of FWER via cluster-based permutation tests, false discovery rate control, and control of the generalized FWER. We end with recommendations for their use and introduce free MATLAB software for their implementation.},
author = {Groppe, David M and Urbach, Thomas P and Kutas, Marta},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01273.x},
issn = {15405958},
journal = {Psychophysiology},
number = {12},
pages = {1711--25},
pmid = {21895683},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Inc},
title = {{Mass univariate analysis of event-related brain potentials/fields I: a critical tutorial review.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21895683},
volume = {48},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Gupta2012,
abstract = {The encoding and storage of experience by the hippocampus is essential for the formation of episodic memories and the transformation of individual experiences into semantic structures such as maps and schemas. The rodent hippocampus compresses ongoing experience into repeating theta sequences, but the factors determining the content of theta sequences are not understood. Here we first show that the spatial paths represented by theta sequences in rats extend farther in front of the rat during acceleration and higher running speeds and begin farther behind the rat during deceleration. Second, the length of the path is directly related to the length of the theta cycle and the number of gamma cycles in it. Finally, theta sequences represent the environment in segments or 'chunks'. These results imply that information encoded in theta sequences is subject to powerful modulation by behavior and task variables. Furthermore, these findings suggest a potential mechanism for the cognitive 'chunking' of experience.},
author = {Gupta, Anoopum S and {Van Der Meer}, Matthijs A A and Touretzky, David S and Redish, A David},
doi = {10.1038/nn.3138},
issn = {10976256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
number = {7},
pages = {1032--9},
pmid = {22706269},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Segmentation of spatial experience by hippocampal theta sequences}},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nn.3138},
volume = {15},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Harvey2009,
abstract = {Hippocampal place cells encode spatial information in rate and temporal codes. To examine the mechanisms underlying hippocampal coding, here we measured the intracellular dynamics of place cells by combining in vivo whole-cell recordings with a virtual-reality system. Head-restrained mice, running on a spherical treadmill, interacted with a computer-generated visual environment to perform spatial behaviours. Robust place-cell activity was present during movement along a virtual linear track. From whole-cell recordings, we identified three subthreshold signatures of place fields: an asymmetric ramp-like depolarization of the baseline membrane potential, an increase in the amplitude of intracellular theta oscillations, and a phase precession of the intracellular theta oscillation relative to the extracellularly recorded theta rhythm. These intracellular dynamics underlie the primary features of place-cell rate and temporal codes. The virtual-reality system developed here will enable new experimental approaches to study the neural circuits underlying navigation.},
author = {Harvey, Christopher D and Collman, Forrest and Dombeck, Daniel A and Tank, David W},
institution = {Princeton Neuroscience Institute, New Jersey 08544, USA.},
journal = {Nature},
number = {7266},
pages = {941--946},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Intracellular dynamics of hippocampal place cells during virtual navigation.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829374},
volume = {461},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Jensen2000,
abstract = {Previous analysis of the firing of individual rat hippocampal place cells has shown that their firing rate increases when they enter a place field and that their phase of firing relative to the ongoing theta oscillation (7-12 Hz) varies systematically as the rat traverses the place field, a phenomenon termed the theta phase precession. To study the relative contribution of phased-coded and rate-coded information, we reconstructed the animal's position on a linear track using spikes recorded simultaneously from 38 hippocampal neurons. Two previous studies of this kind found no evidence that phase information substantially improves reconstruction accuracy. We have found that reconstruction is improved provided epochs with large, systematic errors are first excluded. With this condition, use of both phase and rate information improves the reconstruction accuracy by >43\% as compared with the use of rate information alone. Furthermore, it becomes possible to predict the rat's position on a 204-cm track with very high accuracy (error of <3 cm). The best reconstructions were obtained with more than three phase divisions per theta cycle. These results strengthen the hypothesis that information in rat hippocampal place cells is encoded by the phase of theta at which cells fire.},
author = {Jensen, O and Lisman, J E},
institution = {Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
number = {5},
pages = {2602--2609},
pmid = {10805660},
publisher = {Am Physiological Soc},
title = {{Position reconstruction from an ensemble of hippocampal place cells: contribution of theta phase coding.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10805660},
volume = {83},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Jensen2007,
abstract = {Both theoretical and experimental animal work supports the hypothesis that transient oscillatory synchronization of neuronal assemblies at gamma frequencies (30-100 Hz) is closely associated with sensory processing. Recent data from recordings in animals and humans have suggested that gamma-frequency activity also has an important role in attention and both working and long-term memory. The involvement of gamma-band synchronization in various cognitive paradigms in humans is currently being investigated using intracranial and high-density electro- and magnetoencephalography recordings. Here, we discuss recent findings demonstrating human gamma-frequency activity associated with attention and memory in both sensory and non-sensory areas. Because oscillatory gamma-frequency activity has an important role in neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity, it could provide a key for understanding neuronal processing in both local and distributed cortical networks engaged in complex cognitive functions. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Physiogenic and pathogenic oscillations: the beauty and the beast, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com).},
author = {Jensen, Ole and Kaiser, Jochen and Lachaux, Jean-Philippe},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jensen, Kaiser, Lachaux - 2007 - Human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory.pdf:pdf},
institution = {F.C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.},
journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
keywords = {attention,attention physiology,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,brain,brain physiology,humans,memory,memory physiology},
number = {7},
pages = {317--324},
pmid = {17499860},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17499860},
volume = {30},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Llinas1999,
abstract = {Spontaneous magnetoencephalographic activity was recorded in awake, healthy human controls and in patients suffering from neurogenic pain, tinnitus, Parkinson's disease, or depression. Compared with controls, patients showed increased low-frequency theta rhythmicity, in conjunction with a widespread and marked increase of coherence among high- and low-frequency oscillations. These data indicate the presence of a thalamocortical dysrhythmia, which we propose is responsible for all the above mentioned conditions. This coherent theta activity, the result of a resonant interaction between thalamus and cortex, is due to the generation of low-threshold calcium spike bursts by thalamic cells. The presence of these bursts is directly related to thalamic cell hyperpolarization, brought about by either excess inhibition or disfacilitation. The emergence of positive clinical symptoms is viewed as resulting from ectopic gamma-band activation, which we refer to as the "edge effect." This effect is observable as increased coherence between low- and high-frequency oscillations, probably resulting from inhibitory asymmetry between high- and low-frequency thalamocortical modules at the cortical level.},
author = {Llin\'{a}s, Rodolfo R and Ribary, Urs and Jeanmonod, Daniel and Kronberg, Eugene and Mitra, Partha P},
institution = {Department of Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {adult,aged,artifacts,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiopathology,depressive disorder,depressive disorder physiopathology,humans,magnetoencephalography,magnetoencephalography methods,middle aged,models,nervous system diseases,nervous system diseases diagnosis,nervous system diseases psychology,neurological,pain,pain physiopathology,parkinson disease,parkinson disease physiopathology,periodicity,syndrome,thalamus,thalamus physiopathology,tinnitus,tinnitus physiopathology},
number = {26},
pages = {15222--15227},
publisher = {The National Academy of Sciences},
title = {{Thalamocortical dysrhythmia: A neurological and neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by magnetoencephalography}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=24801\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {96},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Long2004,
abstract = {Research favoring the so-called bottom-up and top-down classes of explanations for reversible figures that dominated the literature in last half of the 20th century is reviewed. Two conclusions are offered. First, any single-process model is extremely unlikely to be able to accommodate the wide array of empirical findings, suggesting that the "final" explanation will almost certainly involve a hybrid conceptualization of interacting sensory and cognitive processes. Second, the utility of distinguishing between 2 components of the observer's experience with reversible figures is emphasized. This distinction between the observer's ability to access multiple representations from the single stimulus pattern (ambiguity) and the observer's phenomenal experience of oscillation between those representations (reversibility) permits the literature to be segregated into useful categories of research that expose overlapping but distinctive cortical processes.},
author = {Long, Gerald M and Toppino, Thomas C},
institution = {Department of Psychology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. gerald.long@villanova.edu},
journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
keywords = {attitude,cognition,humans,pattern recognition,visual,visual perception},
number = {5},
pages = {748--768},
pmid = {15367079},
publisher = {American Psychological Association: US},
title = {{Enduring interest in perceptual ambiguity: alternating views of reversible figures.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15367079},
volume = {130},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Luczak2007,
abstract = {Even in the absence of sensory stimulation, the neocortex shows complex spontaneous activity patterns, often consisting of alternating DOWN states of generalized neural silence and UP states of massive, persistent network activity. To investigate how this spontaneous activity propagates through neuronal assemblies in vivo, we simultaneously recorded populations of 50200 cortical neurons in layer V of anesthetized and awake rats. Each neuron displayed a virtually unique spike pattern during UP states, with diversity seen amongst both putative pyramidal cells and interneurons, reflecting a complex but stereotypically organized sequential spread of activation through local cortical networks. Spike timing was most precise during the first 100 ms after UP state onset, and decayed as UP states progressed. A subset of UP states propagated as traveling waves, but waves passing a given point in either direction initiated similar local sequences, suggesting local networks as the substrate of sequential firing patterns. A search for repeating motifs indicated that their occurrence and structure was predictable from neurons' individual latencies to UP state onset. We suggest that these stereotyped patterns arise from the interplay of intrinsic cellular conductances and local circuit properties.},
author = {Luczak, Artur and Barth\'{o}, Peter and Marguet, Stephan L and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy and Harris, Kenneth D},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {animals,neocortex,neocortex physiology,rats,reaction time,sprague dawley},
number = {1},
pages = {347--352},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
title = {{Sequential structure of neocortical spontaneous activity in vivo}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1765463\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {104},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Mehta2002,
abstract = {In the vast majority of brain areas, the firing rates of neurons, averaged over several hundred milliseconds to several seconds, can be strongly modulated by, and provide accurate information about, properties of their inputs. This is referred to as the rate code. However, the biophysical laws of synaptic plasticity require precise timing of spikes over short timescales (<10 ms). Hence it is critical to understand the physiological mechanisms that can generate precise spike timing in vivo, and the relationship between such a temporal code and a rate code. Here we propose a mechanism by which a temporal code can be generated through an interaction between an asymmetric rate code and oscillatory inhibition. Consistent with the predictions of our model, the rate and temporal codes of hippocampal pyramidal neurons are highly correlated. Furthermore, the temporal code becomes more robust with experience. The resulting spike timing satisfies the temporal order constraints of hebbian learning. Thus, oscillations and receptive field asymmetry may have a critical role in temporal sequence learning.},
author = {Mehta, M R and Lee, A K and Wilson, M A},
doi = {10.1038/nature00807},
institution = {Center for Learning \& Memory, Department of Brain \& Cognitive Sciences, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. mayank@mit.edu},
isbn = {0028-0836 (Print)$\backslash$n0028-0836 (Linking)},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6890},
pages = {741--746},
pmid = {12066185},
title = {{Role of experience and oscillations in transforming a rate code into a temporal code.}},
volume = {417},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Miles1986,
abstract = {Excitatory synaptic interactions between CA3 neurones in slices from guinea-pig hippocampus were examined. Recurrent excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) were evoked by action potentials in a single presynaptic neurone or by the antidromic activation of part of the CA3 pyramidal cell population. The peak amplitude of unitary e.p.s.p.s was 1-2 mV at potentials between -64 and -70 mV. Their time to peak was 7-12 ms and the initial phase of their decay was slower than that of a somatically injected voltage pulse. Recurrent e.p.s.p.s were often followed by a small (0.3 mV) hyperpolarization, or undershoot. Recurrent e.p.s.p.s were compared with e.p.s.p.s evoked by stimulating mossy fibres, which terminate proximally on apical dendrites of CA3 pyramidal cells. They were of slower time course and reversed at a more positive potential than mossy fibre e.p.s.p.s. Some synaptic terminals made by recurrent axon collaterals apparently terminate at distant locations on apical dendrites. The decay of both recurrent e.p.s.p.s and dendritic voltage pulses was prolonged by membrane depolarization within a 10-15 mV subthreshold potential range. Voltage-dependent inward currents activated by the synaptic depolarization may contribute to the slow initial decay of these synaptic events. The undershoot did not occur when transmission of a unitary e.p.s.p. failed and was of slower time course than the hyperpolarization due to an inhibitory post-synaptic potential (i.p.s.p.). It was suppressed by intracellular application of K+ channel blockers and probably reflects an intrinsic outward current activated as a consequence of the synaptic depolarization. Considerable temporal summation of synaptic potentials occurred when recurrent synapses were activated twice at an interval of 5-10 ms, typical of the spontaneous burst firing pattern of CA3 neurones. The mean facilitation of a second e.p.s.p. at this interval was about 0.6. The efficacy of a third and subsequent e.p.s.p.s at similar interval was reduced. Presynaptic bursts of three to five action potentials evoked summed e.p.s.p.s of amplitude 2-4 mV, with time to peak 20-40 ms and decaying phase of similar duration. Their rising phase was relatively smooth and summed events were succeeded by an undershoot. Presynaptic bursts could cause a post-synaptic neurone to discharge.},
author = {Miles, R and Wong, R K},
journal = {The Journal of physiology},
pages = {397--418},
title = {{Excitatory synaptic interactions between CA3 neurones in the guinea-pig hippocampus.}},
volume = {373},
year = {1986}
}
@article{Romei2011,
abstract = {Neural networks underlying visual perception exhibit oscillations at different frequencies (e.g.,). But how these map onto distinct aspects of visual perception remains elusive. Recent electroencephalography data indicate that theta or beta frequencies at parietal sensors increase in amplitude when conscious perception is dominated by global or local features, respectively, of a reversible visual stimulus. But this provides only correlative, noninterventional evidence. Here we show via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions that short rhythmic bursts of right-parietal TMS at theta or beta frequency can causally benefit processing of global or local levels, respectively, for hierarchical visual stimuli, especially in the context of salient incongruent distractors. This double dissociation between theta and beta TMS reveals distinct causal roles for particular frequencies in processing global versus local visual features.},
author = {Romei, Vincenzo and Driver, Jon and Schyns, Philippe G and Thut, Gregor},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.035},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
keywords = {Adult,Female,Humans,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: methods,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: physiology,Young Adult},
month = feb,
number = {4},
pages = {334--7},
pmid = {21315592},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Rhythmic TMS over parietal cortex links distinct brain frequencies to global versus local visual processing.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3063337\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Schmidt2009,
abstract = {During the crossing of the place field of a pyramidal cell in the rat hippocampus, the firing phase of the cell decreases with respect to the local theta rhythm. This phase precession is usually studied on the basis of data in which many place field traversals are pooled together. Here we study properties of phase precession in single trials. We found that single-trial and pooled-trial phase precession were different with respect to phase-position correlation, phase-time correlation, and phase range. Whereas pooled-trial phase precession may span 360 degrees , the most frequent single-trial phase range was only approximately 180 degrees. In pooled trials, the correlation between phase and position (r = -0.58) was stronger than the correlation between phase and time (r = -0.27), whereas in single trials these correlations (r = -0.61 for both) were not significantly different. Next, we demonstrated that phase precession exhibited a large trial-to-trial variability. Overall, only a small fraction of the trial-to-trial variability in measures of phase precession (e.g., slope or offset) could be explained by other single-trial properties (such as running speed or firing rate), whereas the larger part of the variability remains to be explained. Finally, we found that surrogate single trials, created by randomly drawing spikes from the pooled data, are not equivalent to experimental single trials: pooling over trials therefore changes basic measures of phase precession. These findings indicate that single trials may be better suited for encoding temporally structured events than is suggested by the pooled data.},
author = {Schmidt, Robert and Diba, Kamran and Leibold, Christian and Schmitz, Dietmar and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy and Kempter, Richard},
institution = {Department of Biology, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universit\"{a}t zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany. r.schmidt@biologie.hu-berlin.de},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,conditioning,electroencephalography,electroencephalography methods,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,male,models,neurological,operant,operant physiology,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,space perception,space perception physiology,sprague dawley,statistics topic},
number = {42},
pages = {13232--13241},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Single-trial phase precession in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2830422\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Singer2013,
abstract = {The hippocampus frequently replays memories of past experiences during sharp-wave ripple (SWR) events. These events can represent spatial trajectories extending from the animal's current location to distant locations, suggesting a role in the evaluation of upcoming choices. While SWRs have been linked to learning and memory, the specific role of awake replay remains unclear. Here we show that there is greater coordinated neural activity during SWRs preceding correct, as compared to incorrect, trials in a spatial alternation task. As a result, the proportion of cell pairs coactive during SWRs was predictive of subsequent correct or incorrect responses on a trial-by-trial basis. This effect was seen specifically during early learning, when the hippocampus is essential for task performance. SWR activity preceding correct trials represented multiple trajectories that included both correct and incorrect options. These results suggest that reactivation during awake SWRs contributes to the evaluation of possible choices during memory-guided decision making. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Singer, Annabelle C. and Carr, Margaret F. and Karlsson, Mattias P. and Frank, Loren M.},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {6},
pages = {1163--1173},
pmid = {23522050},
title = {{Hippocampal SWR Activity Predicts Correct Decisions during the Initial Learning of an Alternation Task}},
volume = {77},
year = {2013}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011t,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011m,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Uhlhaas2009,
abstract = {Following the discovery of context-dependent synchronization of oscillatory neuronal responses in the visual system, the role of neural synchrony in cortical networks has been expanded to provide a general mechanism for the coordination of distributed neural activity patterns. In the current paper, we present an update of the status of this hypothesis through summarizing recent results from our laboratory that suggest important new insights regarding the mechanisms, function and relevance of this phenomenon. In the first part, we present recent results derived from animal experiments and mathematical simulations that provide novel explanations and mechanisms for zero and nero-zero phase lag synchronization. In the second part, we shall discuss the role of neural synchrony for expectancy during perceptual organization and its role in conscious experience. This will be followed by evidence that indicates that in addition to supporting conscious cognition, neural synchrony is abnormal in major brain disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. We conclude this paper with suggestions for further research as well as with critical issues that need to be addressed in future studies.},
author = {Uhlhaas, Peter J and Pipa, Gordon and Lima, Bruss and Melloni, Lucia and Neuenschwander, Sergio and Nikoli\'{c}, Danko and Singer, Wolf},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Uhlhaas et al. - 2009 - Neural Synchrony in Cortical Networks History, Concept and Current Status.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Frankfurt am Main, Germany.},
journal = {Frontiers in integrative neuroscience},
keywords = {cognition,cortex,gamma,oscillations,synchrony},
number = {July},
pages = {19},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
title = {{Neural Synchrony in Cortical Networks: History, Concept and Current Status}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723047/},
volume = {3},
year = {2009}
}
@article{VPm,
author = {Urbain, Nadia and Desch, Martin},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {45},
pages = {12407--12412},
title = {{A new thalamic pathway of vibrissal information modulated by the motor cortex.}},
url = {http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/new-thalamic-pathway-vibrissal-information/17989305.html},
volume = {27},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Zugaro2005,
abstract = {Oscillatory spike timing in the hippocampus is regarded as a temporal coding mechanism for space, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To contrast the predictions of the different models of phase precession, we transiently turned off neuronal discharges for up to 250 ms and reset the phase of theta oscillations by stimulating the commissural pathway in rats. After recovery from silence, phase precession continued. The phase of spikes for the first theta cycle after the perturbation was more advanced than the phase of spikes for the last theta cycle just before the perturbation. These findings indicate that phase advancement that emerges within hippocampal circuitry may be updated at the beginning of each theta cycle by extrahippocampal inputs.},
author = {Zugaro, Micha\"{e}l B and Monconduit, L\'{e}na\"{\i}c and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
number = {1},
pages = {67--71},
title = {{Spike phase precession persists after transient intrahippocampal perturbation.}},
volume = {8},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Berg1994,
abstract = {Previously published methods correct eye artifacts by subtracting proportions of the EOG from EEG electrodes. The implicit assumption made by these methods is that the EOG signals are a good measure of eye activity and contain no EEG. In this paper a new multiple source eye correction (MSEC) method of eye artifact treatment based on multiple source analysis is presented, which incorporates a model of brain activity. An accurate, head model-independent estimate of the spatial distribution of eye activity can be obtained empirically from calibration data containing systematic eye movements and blinks. Using the resulting spatial vectors together with the brain model, eye activity in EEG and event-related response data can be estimated in the presence of overlapping brain activity and corrected. A consequence of the MSEC approach is that data at EOG electrodes can be included in analyses of brain activity. In addition, by suitable selection of the spatial vectors, the eye activity can be split into signals which identify vertical and horizontal movements and eyeblinks. Using auditory ERP data sets with and without large eye artifacts, the MSEC method is compared with a "traditional" method in which brain activity is not modelled, particularly with respect to the spatial distribution of the corrected EEG. Traditional eye correction methods are shown to alter the spatial distribution of the EEG, resulting, for example, in changes in location and orientation of modelled equivalent sources. Such distortion is much reduced in the MSEC method, thus enhancing the precision of topographical EEG analyses.},
author = {Berg, P and Scherg, M},
institution = {Dept. of Psychology, University of Konstanz, FRG.},
journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
number = {3},
pages = {229--241},
pmid = {7511504},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{A multiple source approach to the correction of eye artifacts.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7511504},
volume = {90},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Blair2008,
abstract = {As a rat navigates through a familiar environment, its position in space is encoded by firing rates of place cells and grid cells. Oscillatory interference models propose that this positional firing rate code is derived from a phase code, which stores the rat's position as a pattern of phase angles between velocity-modulated theta oscillations. Here we describe a three-stage network model, which formalizes the computational steps that are necessary for converting phase-coded position signals (represented by theta oscillations) into rate-coded position signals (represented by grid cells and place cells). The first stage of the model proposes that the phase-coded position signal is stored and updated by a bank of ring attractors, like those that have previously been hypothesized to perform angular path integration in the head-direction cell system. We show analytically how ring attractors can serve as central pattern generators for producing velocity-modulated theta oscillations, and we propose that such ring attractors may reside in subcortical areas where hippocampal theta rhythm is known to originate. In the second stage of the model, grid fields are formed by oscillatory interference between theta cells residing in different (but not the same) ring attractors. The model's third stage assumes that hippocampal neurons generate Gaussian place fields by computing weighted sums of inputs from a basis set of many grid fields. Here we show that under this assumption, the spatial frequency spectrum of the Gaussian place field defines the vertex spacings of grid cells that must provide input to the place cell. This analysis generates a testable prediction that grid cells with large vertex spacings should send projections to the entire hippocampus, whereas grid cells with smaller vertex spacings may project more selectively to the dorsal hippocampus, where place fields are smallest.},
author = {Blair, Hugh T and Gupta, Kishan and Zhang, Kechen},
institution = {Psychology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563, USA. blair@psych.ucla.edu},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,computer simulation,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex cytology,entorhinal cortex physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,nerve net,nerve net cytology,nerve net physiology,neural pathways,neural pathways cytology,neural pathways physiology,neurons,neurons physiology,normal distribution,rats,space perception,space perception physiology,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology,theta rhythm},
number = {12},
pages = {1239--1255},
title = {{Conversion of a phase- to a rate-coded position signal by a three-stage model of theta cells, grid cells, and place cells.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19021259},
volume = {18},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Buzsaki2005,
abstract = {Five key topics have been reverberating in hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (EC) research over the past five decades: episodic and semantic memory, path integration ("dead reckoning") and landmark ("map") navigation, and theta oscillation. We suggest that the systematic relations between single cell discharge and the activity of neuronal ensembles reflected in local field theta oscillations provide a useful insight into the relationship among these terms. In rats trained to run in direction-guided (1-dimensional) tasks, hippocampal cell assemblies discharge sequentially, with different assemblies active on opposite runs, i.e., place cells are unidirectional. Such tasks do not require map representation and are formally identical with learning sequentially occurring items in an episode. Hebbian plasticity, acting within the temporal window of the theta cycle, converts the travel distances into synaptic strengths between the sequentially activated and unidirectionally connected assemblies. In contrast, place representations by hippocampal neurons in 2-dimensional environments are typically omnidirectional, characteristic of a map. Generation of a map requires exploration, essentially a dead reckoning behavior. We suggest that omnidirectional navigation through the same places (junctions) during exploration gives rise to omnidirectional place cells and, consequently, maps free of temporal context. Analogously, multiple crossings of common junction(s) of episodes convert the common junction(s) into context-free or semantic memory. Theta oscillation can hence be conceived as the navigation rhythm through both physical and mnemonic space, facilitating the formation of maps and episodic/semantic memories.},
author = {Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Buzs\'{a}ki - 2005 - Theta rhythm of navigation link between path integration and landmark navigation, episodic and semantic memory.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, 07102, USA. buzsaki@andromeda.rutgers.edu},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,humans,memory,memory physiology,neural pathways,neural pathways physiology,neuronal plasticity,neuronal plasticity physiology,orientation,orientation physiology,space perception,space perception physiology,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology,theta rhythm},
number = {7},
pages = {827--840},
pmid = {16149082},
publisher = {Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company},
title = {{Theta rhythm of navigation: link between path integration and landmark navigation, episodic and semantic memory.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16149082},
volume = {15},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Buzsaki2010,
abstract = {A widely discussed hypothesis in neuroscience is that transiently active ensembles of neurons, known as "cell assemblies," underlie numerous operations of the brain, from encoding memories to reasoning. However, the mechanisms responsible for the formation and disbanding of cell assemblies and temporal evolution of cell assembly sequences are not well understood. I introduce and review three interconnected topics, which could facilitate progress in defining cell assemblies, identifying their neuronal organization, and revealing causal relationships between assembly organization and behavior. First, I hypothesize that cell assemblies are best understood in light of their output product, as detected by "reader-actuator" mechanisms. Second, I suggest that the hierarchical organization of cell assemblies may be regarded as a neural syntax. Third, constituents of the neural syntax are linked together by dynamically changing constellations of synaptic weights ("synapsembles"). The existing support for this tripartite framework is reviewed and strategies for experimental testing of its predictions are discussed.},
author = {Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
chapter = {Neural Syn},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. buzsaki@axon.rutgers.edu},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {3},
pages = {362--385},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Neural syntax: cell assemblies, synapsembles, and readers.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3005627\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {68},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Caldara2011,
abstract = {Eye movement data analyses are commonly based on the probability of occurrence of saccades and fixations (and their characteristics) in given regions of interest (ROIs). In this article, we introduce an alternative method for computing statistical fixation maps of eye movements-iMap-based on an approach inspired by methods used in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Importantly, iMap does not require the a priori segmentation of the experimental images into ROIs. With iMap, fixation data are first smoothed by convolving Gaussian kernels to generate three-dimensional fixation maps. This procedure embodies eyetracker accuracy, but the Gaussian kernel can also be flexibly set to represent acuity or attentional constraints. In addition, the smoothed fixation data generated by iMap conform to the assumptions of the robust statistical random field theory (RFT) approach, which is applied thereafter to assess significant fixation spots and differences across the three-dimensional fixation maps. The RFT corrects for the multiple statistical comparisons generated by the numerous pixels constituting the digital images. To illustrate the processing steps of iMap, we provide sample analyses of real eye movement data from face, visual scene, and memory processing. The iMap MATLAB toolbox is editable and freely available for download online},
author = {Caldara, Roberto and Miellet, S\'{e}bastien},
institution = {Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland, roberto.caldara@unifr.ch.},
journal = {Behavior Research Methods},
keywords = {data driven analyses,eye movements,matlab toolbox,random field theory,statistical fixation maps},
number = {3},
pages = {864--878},
title = {{iMap: a novel method for statistical fixation mapping of eye movement data}},
url = {http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/60699/},
volume = {43},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Crick1984,
author = {Crick, Francis},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Crick - 1984 - Function of the thalamic reticular complex The searchlight hypothesis Neurobiology Crick.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Neurobiology},
number = {July},
pages = {4586--4590},
title = {{Function of the thalamic reticular complex : The searchlight hypothesis Neurobiology : Crick}},
volume = {81},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Crick1990,
author = {Crick, Francis and Koch, Christof},
journal = {Seminars in the Neurosciences},
keywords = {are undoubtedly important but,by themselves,ever be sufficiently,oscillations i short-term memory,they will,we doubt whether},
pages = {263--275},
title = {{Towards a neurobiological theory of consciousness}},
url = {http://papers.klab.caltech.edu/22/1/148.pdf},
year = {1990}
}
@article{Fyhn2007,
abstract = {A fundamental property of many associative memory networks is the ability to decorrelate overlapping input patterns before information is stored. In the hippocampus, this neuronal pattern separation is expressed as the tendency of ensembles of place cells to undergo extensive 'remapping' in response to changes in the sensory or motivational inputs to the hippocampus. Remapping is expressed under some conditions as a change of firing rates in the presence of a stable place code ('rate remapping'), and under other conditions as a complete reorganization of the hippocampal place code in which both place and rate of firing take statistically independent values ('global remapping'). Here we show that the nature of hippocampal remapping can be predicted by ensemble dynamics in place-selective grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex, one synapse upstream of the hippocampus. Whereas rate remapping is associated with stable grid fields, global remapping is always accompanied by a coordinate shift in the firing vertices of the grid cells. Grid fields of co-localized medial entorhinal cortex cells move and rotate in concert during this realignment. In contrast to the multiple environment-specific representations coded by place cells in the hippocampus, local ensembles of grid cells thus maintain a constant spatial phase structure, allowing position to be represented and updated by the same translation mechanism in all environments encountered by the animal.},
author = {Fyhn, Marianne and Hafting, Torkel and Treves, Alessandro and Moser, May-Britt and Moser, Edvard I},
institution = {Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {animals,brain mapping,cues,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex cytology,entorhinal cortex physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,long evans,models,neurological,rats,synapses,synapses metabolism,synapses physiology},
number = {7132},
pages = {190--194},
pmid = {17322902},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Hippocampal remapping and grid realignment in entorhinal cortex.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322902},
volume = {446},
year = {2007}
}
@article{ampdisc,
author = {Goble, A K and Hollins, M},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
pages = {418},
title = {{Vibrotactile adaptation enhances amplitude discrimination}},
volume = {93},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Gur1997,
abstract = {Response variability of neurons limits the reliability and resolution of sensory systems. It is generally thought that response variability in the visual system increases at cortical levels, but the causes of the variability have not been identified. We have measured the response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys. We recorded from 80 single cells distributed over all V1 layers and from 8 parvocellular cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. All cells were stimulated with a bar of near-optimal orientation, color, and dimensions while continuously monitoring the eye movements of fixation. To minimize the effects of eye movements, responses that occurred while the eye was relatively steady were selected for analysis. The impulses elicited by each stimulus presentation were counted, and the variance and coefficient of variation were computed. Both measures of response variability were much lower than reported previously for V1 cells of both alert and anesthetized monkeys. Our data show that fixational eye movements cause a large component of response variance in alert monkeys. Moreover, the reliability of V1 neurons is not obviously degraded compared with lateral geniculate nucleus cells. The high reliability of neurons in alert monkeys is consistent with expectations from conventional biophysical models, and it suggests that activity in a modest number of neurons may suffice to form a perceptual decision.},
author = {Gur, M and Beylin, A and Snodderly, D M},
institution = {Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,color perception,eye movements,eye movements physiology,female,geniculate bodies,geniculate bodies physiology,macaca fascicularis,macaca mulatta,neurons,neurons physiology,ocular,regression analysis,space perception,vision,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology,visual perception,wakefulness,wakefulness physiology},
number = {8},
pages = {2914--2920},
pmid = {9092612},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Response variability of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkeys.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092612},
volume = {17},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Kempter2012,
abstract = {When a rat crosses the place field of a hippocampal pyramidal cell, this cell typically fires a series of spikes. Spike phases, measured with respect to theta oscillations of the local field potential, on average decrease as a function of the spatial distance traveled. This relation between phase and position of spikes might be a neural basis for encoding and is called phase precession. The degree of association between the circular phase variable and the linear spatial variable is commonly quantified through, however, a linear-linear correlation coefficient where the circular variable is converted to a linear variable by restricting the phase to an arbitrarily chosen range, which may bias the estimated correlation. Here we introduce a new measure to quantify circular-linear associations. This measure leads to a robust estimate of the slope and phase offset of the regression line, and it provides a correlation coefficient for circular-linear data that is a natural analog of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient for linear-linear data. Using surrogate data, we show that the new method outperforms the standard linear-linear approach with respect to estimates of the regression line and the correlation, and that the new method is less dependent on noise and sample size. We confirm these findings in a large data set of experimental recordings from hippocampal place cells and theta oscillations, and we discuss remaining problems that are relevant for the analysis and interpretation of phase precession. In summary, we provide a new method for the quantification of circular-linear associations. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..},
author = {Kempter, Richard and Leibold, Christian and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy and Diba, Kamran and Schmidt, Robert},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
keywords = {CA,CA1,Circular-linear regression,Hippocampus,Phase precession,Place field,Theta oscillation},
number = {1},
pages = {113--124},
pmid = {22487609},
title = {{Quantifying circular-linear associations: Hippocampal phase precession}},
volume = {207},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Maurer2005,
abstract = {Spatial scaling of place specific activity in the hippocampus varies systematically from the septal pole (high resolution) to the temporal pole (low resolution). Place fields get progressively larger, and the probability of observing a field in a given environment gets progressively smaller. It was previously found that decoupling movement in space from ambulation, by having the animal actively ride on a mobile platform, results in marked enlargement of the spatial scale factor in the dorsal hippocampus and a reduction in the increase in theta rhythm power with running speed, suggesting that a self-motion signal determines the spatial scale at which the hippocampal population vector updates. These results led to the hypothesis that the gain of the self-motion signal may vary systematically along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, EEG theta rhythm and ensembles of CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons were recorded from the extreme dorsal and middle portions of the hippocampus. Pyramidal cell population vectors representing successive locations became decorrelated over substantially shorter distances in the dorsal than in the middle hippocampus. Dorsal pyramidal cells had smaller place fields, higher mean and peak firing rates, and higher intrinsic oscillation frequencies during track running than that of middle pyramidal cells. Both dorsal pyramidal cells and interneurons had more elevated mean rates during running, compared with rest, than that of the corresponding cell classes in the middle hippocampus, and both cell classes increased their rates more as a function of speed in the dorsal hippocampus.The amplitude, but not the frequency of fissure recorded theta rhythm, increased more as a function of running speed in the dorsal than in the middle hippocampus. We conclude that variation in the neuronal response to movement speed is the likely basis for the systematic variation in spatial scaling along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus.},
author = {Maurer, Andrew P and Vanrhoads, Shea R and Sutherland, Gary R and Lipa, Peter and McNaughton, Bruce L},
doi = {10.1002/hipo.20114},
institution = {Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724, USA.},
isbn = {1050-9631 (Print)$\backslash$r1050-9631 (Linking)},
issn = {1050-9631},
journal = {Hippocampus},
number = {7},
pages = {841--852},
pmid = {16145692},
title = {{Self-motion and the origin of differential spatial scaling along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus.}},
volume = {15},
year = {2005}
}
@article{autist,
abstract = {Failure of normal brain development leads to mental retardation or autism in about 3\% of children. Many
genes integral to pathways by which synaptic modification and the remodelling of neuronal networks
mediate cognitive and social development have been identified, usually through loss of function. Evidence
is accumulating, however, that either loss or gain of molecular functions can be deleterious to the nervous
system. Copy-number variation, regulation of gene expression by non-coding RNAs and epigenetic changes
are all mechanisms by which altered gene dosage can cause the failure of neuronal homeostasis.},
address = {Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, MS 225, BCMT-T807, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor Co},
author = {Ramocki1, Melissa B and Zoghbil, Huda Y},
institution = {Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, MS 225, BCMT-T807, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor Co},
journal = {NATURE},
keywords = { development, disease, gene-expression, neuronal-homeostasis, neuropsychiatric-phenotypes,brain},
month = oct,
pages = {912--916},
title = {{Failure of neuronal homeostasis results in common neuropsychiatric phenotypes}},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Rouw2007,
abstract = {Diffusion tensor imaging allowed us to validate for the first time the hypothesis that hyperconnectivity causes the added sensations in synesthesia. Grapheme-color synesthetes (n = 18), who experience specific colors with particular letters or numbers (for example, 'R is sky blue'), showed greater anisotropic diffusion compared with matched controls. Greater anisotropic diffusion indicates more coherent white matter. Anisotropy furthermore differentiated subtypes of grapheme-color synesthesia. Greater connectivity in the inferior temporal cortex was particularly strong for synesthetes who see synesthetic color in the outside world ('projectors') as compared with synesthetes who see the color in their 'mind's eye' only ('associators'). In contrast, greater connectivity (as compared with non-synesthetes) in the superior parietal or frontal cortex did not differentiate between subtypes of synesthesia. In conclusion, we found evidence that increased structural connectivity is associated with the presence of grapheme-color synesthesia, and has a role in the subjective nature of synesthetic color experience.},
author = {Rouw, Romke and Scholte, H Steven},
doi = {10.1038/nn1906},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Anisotropy,Attention,Brain Mapping,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Color,Color Perception,Color Perception: physiology,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Female,Field Dependence-Independence,Humans,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Pattern Recognition, Visual: physiology,Reaction Time,Reaction Time: physiology,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Visual Pathways: physiology},
month = jun,
number = {6},
pages = {792--7},
pmid = {17515901},
title = {{Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17515901},
volume = {10},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Sterzer2008a,
abstract = {When incompatible images are presented to the two eyes, one image can dominate awareness while the other is suppressed and invisible. We used high-resolution functional neuroimaging in humans to investigate the neural representation of such suppressed stimuli. Overall responses of high-level ventral visual areas to two different types of invisible object stimuli (faces and houses) were very weak and did not differ in amplitude. Despite this, fine-grained spatial activity patterns within these areas allowed us to predict significantly better than chance whether an observer was presented with face or house stimuli not only when these stimuli were visible but also when they were suppressed and entirely invisible. These findings demonstrate the presence of category-specific information in high-level visual areas during profound interocular suppression of object stimuli that can only be retrieved when the fine-scale pattern of activity within these areas is taken into account.},
author = {Sterzer, Philipp and Haynes, John-Dylan and Rees, Geraint},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sterzer, Haynes, Rees - 2008 - Fine-scale activity patterns in high-level visual areas encode the category of invisible objects.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom. philipp.sterzer@charite.de},
journal = {Journal of Vision},
keywords = {binocular rivalry,brain,cortical responses,functional magnetic resonance imaging,fusiform face area,human extrastriate cortex,lateral geniculate nucleus,multivariate pattern analysis,perception,stimuli,suppression,vision,visual awareness},
number = {15},
pages = {10.1--12},
publisher = {ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC},
title = {{Fine-scale activity patterns in high-level visual areas encode the category of invisible objects}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/96582/},
volume = {8},
year = {2008}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011i,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011s,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Wang2002,
abstract = {Hippocampal theta (4-10 Hz) oscillation represents a well-known brain rhythm implicated in spatial cognition and memory processes. Its cellular mechanisms remain a matter of debate, and previous computational work has focused mostly on mechanisms intrinsic to the hippocampus. On the other hand, experimental data indicate that GABAergic cells in the medial septum play a pacemaker role for the theta rhythm. We have used biophysical modeling to address two major questions raised by the septal pacemaker hypothesis: what is the ion channel mechanism for the single-cell pacemaker behavior and how do these cells become synchronized? Our model predicts that theta oscillations of septal GABAergic cells depend critically on a low-threshold, slowly inactivating potassium current. Network simulations show that theta oscillations are not coherent in an isolated population of pacemaker cells. Robust synchronization emerges with the addition of a second GABAergic cell population. Such a reciprocally inhibitory circuit can be realized by the hippocampo-septal feedback loop.},
author = {Wang, Xiao-Jing},
institution = {Volen Center for Complex Systems, MS 013, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110, USA. xjwang@brandeis.edu},
journal = {Journal of Neurophysiology},
number = {2},
pages = {889--900},
pmid = {11826054},
title = {{Pacemaker neurons for the theta rhythm and their synchronization in the septohippocampal reciprocal loop.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11826054},
volume = {87},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Ahmed2012,
abstract = {Successful spatial navigation is thought to employ a combination of at least two strategies: the following of landmark cues and path integration. Path integration requires that the brain use the speed and direction of movement in a meaningful way to continuously compute the position of the animal. Indeed, the running speed of rats modulates both the firing rate of neurons and the spectral properties of low frequency, theta oscillations seen in the local field potential (LFP) of the hippocampus, a region important for spatial memory formation. Higher frequency, gamma-band LFP oscillations are usually associated with decision-making, increased attention, and improved reaction times. Here, we show that increased running speed is accompanied by large, systematic increases in the frequency of hippocampal CA1 network oscillations spanning the entire gamma range (30-120 Hz) and beyond. These speed-dependent changes in frequency are seen on both linear tracks and two-dimensional platforms, and are thus independent of the behavioral task. Synchrony between anatomically distant CA1 regions also shifts to higher gamma frequencies as running speed increases. The changes in frequency are strongly correlated with changes in the firing rates of individual interneurons, consistent with models of gamma generation. Our results suggest that as a rat runs faster, there are faster gamma frequency transitions between sequential place cell-assemblies. This may help to preserve the spatial specificity of place cells and spatial memories at vastly different running speeds.},
author = {Ahmed, O. J. and Mehta, M. R.},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {21},
pages = {7373--7383},
pmid = {22623683},
title = {{Running Speed Alters the Frequency of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations}},
volume = {32},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Basar-Eroglu1996,
abstract = {The aim of our study was to find out whether an increase in the gamma band may be related to the reversal phase during viewing of an ambiguous pattern. The present study describes the significant gamma band (30-50 Hz) activity increase in EEG during states of perceptual switching (reversal state). In our experiments the multistability was induced with an ambiguous stimulus pattern, known as stroboscopic alternative motion (SAM). The investigations carried out in 11 subjects included a measuring strategy with three different experimental conditions: (1) recording of spontaneous EEG as baseline; (2) recording of the EEG during naive observation of the ambiguous pattern; (3) recording of EEG during active observation of SAM. The results indicate that the multistable perception is one of the multifold cognitive processes giving rise to 40 Hz enhancement in the entire cortex. The most significant 40 Hz enhancements were measured in frontal areas and can reach increases of 40 to 50\% in states of naive and active observations of SAM, respectively, in comparison to spontaneous EEG recordings. The results indicate that the increase of frontal gamma band is related to the destabilization of the perceptual system when viewing multistable patterns.},
author = {Başar-Eroglu, C and Str\"{u}ber, D and Kruse, P and Başar, E and Stadler, M},
institution = {Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research, University of Bremen, Germany. cbasar@psycho2.psychologie.uni-bremen.de},
journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology},
keywords = {adolescent,adult,cognition,cognition physiology,electroencephalography,evoked potentials,evoked potentials physiology,female,form perception,form perception physiology,frontal lobe,frontal lobe physiology,humans,male,models,motion perception,motion perception physiology,neurological,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {1-2},
pages = {113--125},
pmid = {8978438},
title = {{Frontal gamma-band enhancement during multistable visual perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8978438},
volume = {24},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Brawn_Snowden_2000,
author = {Brawn, P T and Snowden, R J},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
number = {1},
pages = {342--358},
title = {{Attention to overlapping objects: detection and discrimination of luminance changes.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10696622},
volume = {26},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Buzsaki1992,
abstract = {Pyramidal cells in the CA1 hippocampal region displayed transient network oscillations (200 hertz) during behavioral immobility, consummatory behaviors, and slow-wave sleep. Simultaneous, multisite recordings revealed temporal and spatial coherence of neuronal activity during population oscillations. Participating pyramidal cells discharged at a rate lower than the frequency of the population oscillation, and their action potentials were phase locked to the negative phase of the simultaneously recorded oscillatory field potentials. In contrast, interneurons discharged at population frequency during the field oscillations. Thus, synchronous output of cooperating CA1 pyramidal cells may serve to induce synaptic enhancement in target structures of the hippocampus.},
author = {Buzs\'{a}ki, G and Horv\'{a}th, Z and Urioste, R and Hetke, J and Wise, K},
doi = {10.1126/science.1589772},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102.},
isbn = {0036-8075 (Print)$\backslash$n0036-8075},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5059},
pages = {1025--1027},
pmid = {1589772},
title = {{High-frequency network oscillation in the hippocampus.}},
volume = {256},
year = {1992}
}
@article{Buzsaki2004,
abstract = {Clocks tick, bridges and skyscrapers vibrate, neuronal networks oscillate. Are neuronal oscillations an inevitable by-product, similar to bridge vibrations, or an essential part of the brain's design? Mammalian cortical neurons form behavior-dependent oscillating networks of various sizes, which span five orders of magnitude in frequency. These oscillations are phylogenetically preserved, suggesting that they are functionally relevant. Recent findings indicate that network oscillations bias input selection, temporally link neurons into assemblies, and facilitate synaptic plasticity, mechanisms that cooperatively support temporal representation and long-term consolidation of information.},
author = {Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy and Draguhn, Andreas},
doi = {10.1126/science.1099745},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Buzs\'{a}ki, Draguhn - 2004 - Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1095-9203},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
keywords = {Animals,Biological Clocks,Biological Clocks: physiology,Brain,Brain: physiology,Cerebral Cortex,Cerebral Cortex: physiology,Electroencephalography,Humans,Learning,Membrane Potentials,Membrane Potentials: physiology,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Neuronal Plasticity,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Synaptic Transmission},
month = jun,
number = {5679},
pages = {1926--9},
pmid = {15218136},
title = {{Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218136},
volume = {304},
year = {2004}
}
@article{retwavrev,
annote = {Calcium in the function of the nervous system: New implications},
author = {Firth, Sally I and Wang, Chih-Tien and Feller, Marla B},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceca.2005.01.010},
issn = {0143-4160},
journal = {Cell Calcium},
keywords = {Patterned activity},
number = {5},
pages = {425--432},
title = {{Retinal waves: mechanisms and function in visual system development}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143416005000278},
volume = {37},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Fox2007,
abstract = {The majority of functional neuroscience studies have focused on the brain's response to a task or stimulus. However, the brain is very active even in the absence of explicit input or output. In this Article we review recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity. Although several challenges remain, these studies have provided insight into the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain, variability in behaviour and potential physiological correlates of neurological and psychiatric disease.},
author = {Fox, Michael D and Raichle, Marcus E},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fox, Raichle - 2007 - Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. foxm@npg.wustl.edu},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,brain,brain blood supply,brain mapping,brain physiology,computer assisted,humans,image processing,magnetic resonance imaging,oxygen,oxygen blood},
number = {9},
pages = {700--711},
pmid = {17704812},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17704812},
volume = {8},
year = {2007}
}
@article{somatoFFI,
author = {Gabernet, Laetitia and Jadhav, Shantanu P and Feldman, Daniel E and Carandini, Matteo and Scanziani, Massimo},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.022},
issn = {0896-6273},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {2},
pages = {315--327},
title = {{Somatosensory Integration Controlled by Dynamic Thalamocortical Feed-Forward Inhibition}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627305007890},
volume = {48},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Gray1989,
abstract = {A fundamental step in visual pattern recognition is the establishment of relations between spatially separate features. Recently, we have shown that neurons in the cat visual cortex have oscillatory responses in the range 40-60 Hz (refs 1, 2) which occur in synchrony for cells in a functional column and are tightly correlated with a local oscillatory field potential. This led us to hypothesize that the synchronization of oscillatory responses of spatially distributed, feature selective cells might be a way to establish relations between features in different parts of the visual field. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that neurons in spatially separate columns can synchronize their oscillatory responses. The synchronization has, on average, no phase difference, depends on the spatial separation and the orientation preference of the cells and is influenced by global stimulus properties.},
author = {Gray, C M and K\"{o}nig, P and Engel, A K and Singer, W},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - Unknown - O.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, FRG.},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6213},
pages = {334--337},
pmid = {2922061},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties.}},
url = {http://cogsci.uni-osnabrueck.de/~nbp/PDFs\_Publications/Gray\_Nature\_89.pdf},
volume = {338},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Hesselmann2008a,
abstract = {We have recently shown that intrinsic fluctuations of ongoing activity during baseline have an impact on perceptual decisions reported for an ambiguous visual stimulus (Hesselmann et al., 2008). To test whether this result generalizes from the visual object domain to other perceptual and neural systems, the current study investigated the effect of ongoing signal fluctuations in motion-sensitive brain regions on the perception of coherent visual motion. We determined motion coherence thresholds individually for each subject using a dynamic random dot display. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brief events of subliminal, supraliminal, and periliminal coherent motion were presented with long and variable interstimulus intervals between them. On each trial, subjects reported whether they had perceived "coherent" or "random" motion, and fMRI signal time courses were analyzed separately as a function of stimulus and percept type. In the right motion-sensitive occipito-temporal cortex (hMT+), coherent percepts of periliminal stimuli yielded a larger stimulus-evoked response than random percepts. Prestimulus baseline activity in this region was also significantly higher in these coherent trials than in random trials. As in our previous study, however, the relation between ongoing and evoked activity was not additive but interacted with perceptual outcome. Our data thus suggest that endogenous fluctuations in baseline activity have a generic effect on subsequent perceptual decisions. Although mainstream analytical techniques used in functional neuroimaging do not capture this nonadditive effect of baseline on evoked response, it is in accord with postulates from theoretical frameworks as, for instance, predictive coding.},
author = {Hesselmann, Guido and Kell, Christian A and Kleinschmidt, Andreas},
institution = {INSERM, Unit\'{e} 562, Cognitive Neuroimaging, Commissariat \`{a} l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut d'Imagerie Biom\'{e}dicale, NeuroSpin, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. g.hesselmann@gmail.com},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {adult,area under curve,bias (epidemiology),brain mapping,computer assisted,computer assisted methods,female,humans,image processing,magnetic resonance imaging,magnetic resonance imaging methods,male,motion perception,motion perception physiology,occipital lobe,occipital lobe blood supply,occipital lobe physiology,oxygen,oxygen blood,pattern recognition,photic stimulation,photic stimulation methods,psychophysics,temporal lobe,temporal lobe blood supply,temporal lobe physiology,visual,young adult},
number = {53},
pages = {14481--14485},
pmid = {19118182},
title = {{Ongoing activity fluctuations in hMT+ bias the perception of coherent visual motion.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19118182},
volume = {28},
year = {2008}
}
@article{LeDuigou2014,
abstract = {In the CA3 region of the hippocampus, pyramidal cells excite other pyramidal cells and interneurons. The axons of CA3 pyramidal cells spread throughout most of the region to form an associative network. These connections were first drawn by Cajal and Lorente de No. Their physiological properties were explored to understand epileptiform discharges generated in the region. Synapses between pairs of pyramidal cells involve one or few release sites and are weaker than connections made by mossy fibers on CA3 pyramidal cells. Synapses with interneurons are rather effective, as needed to control unchecked excitation. We examine contributions of recurrent synapses to epileptiform synchrony, to the genesis of sharp waves in the CA3 region and to population oscillations at theta and gamma frequencies. Recurrent connections in CA3, as other associative cortices, have a lower connectivity spread over a larger area than in primary sensory cortices. This sparse, but wide-ranging connectivity serves the functions of an associative network, including acquisition of neuronal representations as activity in groups of CA3 cells and completion involving the recall from partial cues of these ensemble firing patterns.},
author = {{Le Duigou}, Caroline and Simonnet, Jean and Tele\~{n}czuk, Maria T and Fricker, Desdemona and Miles, Richard},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Le Duigou et al. - 2014 - Recurrent synapses and circuits in the CA3 region of the hippocampus an associative network.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular neuroscience},
keywords = {CA3, recurrent, synapse, circuit, hippocampus, ass,associative,ca3,ca3 cells,circuit,hippocampus,recurrent,recurrent excitatory synapses between,synapse},
number = {January},
pages = {262},
pmid = {24409118},
title = {{Recurrent synapses and circuits in the CA3 region of the hippocampus: an associative network.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3884140\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {7},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Leopold1999,
abstract = {Traditional explanations of multistable visual phenomena (e.g. ambiguous figures, perceptual rivalry) suggest that the basis for spontaneous reversals in perception lies in antagonistic connectivity within the visual system. In this review, we suggest an alternative, albeit speculative, explanation for visual multistability - that spontaneous alternations reflect responses to active, programmed events initiated by brain areas that integrate sensory and non-sensory information to coordinate a diversity of behaviors. Much evidence suggests that perceptual reversals are themselves more closely related to the expression of a behavior than to passive sensory responses: (1) they are initiated spontaneously, often voluntarily, and are influenced by subjective variables such as attention and mood; (2) the alternation process is greatly facilitated with practice and compromised by lesions in non-visual cortical areas; (3) the alternation process has temporal dynamics similar to those of spontaneously initiated behaviors; (4) functional imaging reveals that brain areas associated with a variety of cognitive behaviors are specifically activated when vision becomes unstable. In this scheme, reorganizations of activity throughout the visual cortex, concurrent with perceptual reversals, are initiated by higher, largely non-sensory brain centers. Such direct intervention in the processing of the sensory input by brain structures associated with planning and motor programming might serve an important role in perceptual organization, particularly in aspects related to selective attention.},
author = {Leopold, Da and Logothetis, Nk},
doi = {10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01332-7},
institution = {Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Spemannstrasse 38, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.},
issn = {1879307X},
journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
number = {7},
pages = {254--264},
pmid = {10377540},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Multistable phenomena: changing views in perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10377540},
volume = {3},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Maurer2006,
abstract = {The factors that control the spatial tuning of hippocampal neurons are incompletely understood, and there is no generally agreed upon definition of what constitutes a "place field". One factor that must be considered is the phenomenon of "phase precession". As a rat passes through the place field of a particular hippocampal neuron, its spikes shift to earlier phases of the theta rhythm. Except for the special cases discussed herein, the phase shift never exceeds 360 degrees. Moreover, under conditions in which place field sizes change dynamically, precession rate is tightly coupled with the place field size, suggesting that a single cycle of theta phase precession could be used to define unitary place field boundaries. Theta phase precession implies that the "cell assembly" of active hippocampal neurons changes systematically over the course of a single theta cycle. A given cell can exhibit more than one place field in a given environment, each field showing the same pattern of 360 degrees of phase precession. The existence of multiple fields implies that one cell can participate in multiple cell assemblies within the same environment. We show here that place fields, defined as a single cycle of phase precession, can overlap spatially, with the result that the cell fires with spikes clustered at two different phases over the theta cycles in which the fields overlap. Thus, the same neuron can participate in different cell assemblies within a single theta cycle.},
author = {Maurer, Andrew P and Cowen, Stephen L and Burke, Sara N and Barnes, Carol A and McNaughton, Bruce L},
institution = {Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {attractor,oscillation,place cell,rat,theta rhythm},
number = {9},
pages = {785--794},
pmid = {16921501},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{Organization of hippocampal cell assemblies based on theta phase precession.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16921501},
volume = {16},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Mizuseki2014b,
abstract = {Oscillations and synchrony are often used synonymously.However, oscillatory mechanisms involving both excitation and inhibition can generate non- synchronous yet coordinated firing patterns. Using simultaneous recordings from multiple layers of the entorhinal–hippocampal loop, we found that coac- tivation of principal cell pairs (synchrony) was lowest during exploration and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, associated with theta oscillations, and high- est in slow wave sleep. Individual principal neurons had awide range of theta phase preference. Thus, while theta oscillations reduce population synchrony, they nevertheless coordinate the phase (temporal) distribution of neurons.As a result, multiple cell assemblies can nest within the period of the theta cycle.},
author = {Mizuseki, Kenji and Buzsaki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2012.0530},
isbn = {1471-2970 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0962-8436 (Linking)},
issn = {1471-2970},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
number = {20120530},
pages = {1--8},
pmid = {24366139},
title = {{Theta oscillations decrease spike synchrony in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex}},
volume = {369},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Muller2011,
abstract = {In the hippocampus and the neocortex, the coupling between local field potential (LFP) oscillations and the spiking of single neurons can be highly precise, across neuronal populations and cell types. Spike phase (i.e., the spike time with respect to a reference oscillation) is known to carry reliable information, both with phase-locking behavior and with more complex phase relationships, such as phase precession. How this precision is achieved by neuronal populations, whose membrane properties and total input may be quite heterogeneous, is nevertheless unknown. In this note, we investigate a simple mechanism for learning precise LFP-to-spike coupling in feed-forward networks - the reliable, periodic modulation of presynaptic firing rates during oscillations, coupled with spike-timing dependent plasticity. When oscillations are within the biological range (2-150Hz), firing rates of the inputs change on a timescale highly relevant to spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). Through analytic and computational methods, we find points of stable phase-locking for a neuron with plastic input synapses. These points correspond to precise phase-locking behavior in the feed-forward network. The location of these points depends on the oscillation frequency of the inputs, the STDP time constants, and the balance of potentiation and de-potentiation in the STDP rule. For a given input oscillation, the balance of potentiation and de-potentiation in the STDP rule is the critical parameter that determines the phase at which an output neuron will learn to spike. These findings are robust to changes in intrinsic post-synaptic properties. Finally, we discuss implications of this mechanism for stable learning of spike-timing in the hippocampus.},
author = {Muller, Lyle and Brette, Romain and Gutkin, Boris},
doi = {10.3389/fncom.2011.00045},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Muller, Brette, Gutkin - 2011 - Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity and Feed-Forward Input Oscillations Produce Precise and Invariant Spik.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16625188},
journal = {Frontiers in computational neuroscience},
keywords = {oscillations,p,phase locking,place fields,plasticity,spike timing dependent plasticity,stability neuronal,stable learning},
number = {November},
pages = {45},
pmid = {22110429},
title = {{Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity and Feed-Forward Input Oscillations Produce Precise and Invariant Spike Phase-Locking.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3216007\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {5},
year = {2011}
}
@article{O'Connor2002,
abstract = {Attentional mechanisms are important for selecting relevant information and filtering out irrelevant information from cluttered visual scenes. Selective attention has previously been shown to affect neural activity in both extrastriate and striate visual cortex. Here, evidence from functional brain imaging shows that attentional response modulation is not confined to cortical processing, but can occur as early as the thalamic level. We found that attention modulated neural activity in the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in several ways: it enhanced neural responses to attended stimuli, attenuated responses to ignored stimuli and increased baseline activity in the absence of visual stimulation. The LGN, traditionally viewed as the gateway to visual cortex, may also serve as a 'gatekeeper' in controlling attentional response gain.},
author = {O'Connor, Daniel H and Fukui, Miki M and Pinsk, Mark a and Kastner, Sabine},
doi = {10.1038/nn957},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Connor et al. - 2002 - Attention modulates responses in the human lateral geniculate nucleus.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Eye Movements,Eye Movements: physiology,Female,Fixation, Ocular,Fixation, Ocular: physiology,Geniculate Bodies,Geniculate Bodies: physiology,Humans,Male,Photic Stimulation,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology},
month = nov,
number = {11},
pages = {1203--9},
pmid = {12379861},
title = {{Attention modulates responses in the human lateral geniculate nucleus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12379861},
volume = {5},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Olshausen1997,
abstract = {The spatial receptive fields of simple cells in mammalian striate cortex have been reasonably well described physiologically and can be characterized as being localized, oriented, and bandpass, comparable with the basis functions of wavelet transforms. Previously, we have shown that these receptive field properties may be accounted for in terms of a strategy for producing a sparse distribution of output activity in response to natural images. Here, in addition to describing this work in a more expansive fashion, we examine the neurobiological implications of sparse coding. Of particular interest is the case when the code is overcomplete--i.e., when the number of code elements is greater than the effective dimensionality of the input space. Because the basis functions are non-orthogonal and not linearly independent of each other, sparsifying the code will recruit only those basis functions necessary for representing a given input, and so the input-output function will deviate from being purely linear. These deviations from linearity provide a potential explanation for the weak forms of non-linearity observed in the response properties of cortical simple cells, and they further make predictions about the expected interactions among units in response to naturalistic stimuli.},
author = {Olshausen, B A and Field, D J},
doi = {10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00169-7},
institution = {Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. bruno@redwood.ucdavis.edu},
isbn = {0042-6989},
issn = {00426989},
journal = {Vision research},
number = {23},
pages = {3311--3325},
pmid = {9425546},
title = {{Sparse coding with an overcomplete basis set: a strategy employed by V1?}},
volume = {37},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Palva2007,
abstract = {The amplitude of alpha-frequency band (8-14 Hz) activity in the human electroencephalogram is suppressed by eye opening, visual stimuli and visual scanning, whereas it is enhanced during internal tasks, such as mental calculation and working memory. alpha-Frequency band oscillations have hence been thought to reflect idling or inhibition of task-irrelevant cortical areas. However, recent data on alpha-amplitude and, in particular, alpha-phase dynamics posit a direct and active role for alpha-frequency band rhythmicity in the mechanisms of attention and consciousness. We propose that simultaneous alpha-, beta- (14-30 Hz) and gamma- (30-70 Hz) frequency band oscillations are required for unified cognitive operations, and hypothesize that cross-frequency phase synchrony between alpha, beta and gamma oscillations coordinates the selection and maintenance of neuronal object representations during working memory, perception and consciousness.},
author = {Palva, S and Palva, J M},
doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2007.02.001},
institution = {Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Satu.Palva@helsinki.fi},
issn = {01662236},
journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
number = {4},
pages = {150--158},
pmid = {17307258},
title = {{New vistas for $\alpha$-frequency band oscillations}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0166223607000264},
volume = {30},
year = {2007}
}
@article{binding,
address = {Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.},
author = {Singer, W and Gray, C M},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011},
issn = {0147-006X},
journal = {Annual Review of Neuroscience},
keywords = { gradu, learning, meaning, neuro, object\_recognition, ontogenesis, primitives, representation, statistical\_structure, vision,compositionality},
number = {1},
pages = {555--586},
pmid = {7605074},
title = {{Visual Feature Integration and the Temporal Correlation Hypothesis}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.003011},
volume = {18},
year = {1995}
}
@article{Super2003,
abstract = {When stimulus information enters the visual cortex, it is rapidly processed for identification. However, sometimes the processing of the stimulus is inadequate and the subject fails to notice the stimulus. Human psychophysical studies show that this occurs during states of inattention or absent-mindedness. At a neurophysiological level, it remains unclear what these states are. To study the role of cortical state in perception, we analyzed neural activity in the monkey primary visual cortex before the appearance of a stimulus. We show that, before the appearance of a reported stimulus, neural activity was stronger and more correlated than for a not-reported stimulus. This indicates that the strength of neural activity and the functional connectivity between neurons in the primary visual cortex participate in the perceptual processing of stimulus information. Thus, to detect a stimulus, the visual cortex needs to be in an appropriate state.},
author = {Sup\`{e}r, Hans and {Van Der Togt}, Chris and Spekreijse, Henk and Lamme, Victor A F},
institution = {Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Department Visual System Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AA Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.super@ioi.knaw.nl},
journal = {J. Neurosci},
keywords = {animal,animal physiology,animals,arousal,arousal physiology,attention,attention physiology,behavior,eye movements,eye movements physiology,fixation,macaca mulatta,motivation,neurons,neurons physiology,ocular,ocular physiology,pattern recognition,photic stimulation,photic stimulation methods,saccades,saccades physiology,sensory thresholds,sensory thresholds physiology,visual,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology,visual physiology},
number = {8},
pages = {3407--3414},
pmid = {12716948},
title = {{Internal state of monkey primary visual cortex (V1) predicts figure-ground perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12716948},
volume = {23},
year = {2003}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011ba,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011o,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Vincent2007,
abstract = {The traditional approach to studying brain function is to measure physiological responses to controlled sensory, motor and cognitive paradigms. However, most of the brain's energy consumption is devoted to ongoing metabolic activity not clearly associated with any particular stimulus or behaviour. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in humans aimed at understanding this ongoing activity have shown that spontaneous fluctuations of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal occur continuously in the resting state. In humans, these fluctuations are temporally coherent within widely distributed cortical systems that recapitulate the functional architecture of responses evoked by experimentally administered tasks. Here, we show that the same phenomenon is present in anaesthetized monkeys even at anaesthetic levels known to induce profound loss of consciousness. We specifically demonstrate coherent spontaneous fluctuations within three well known systems (oculomotor, somatomotor and visual) and the 'default' system, a set of brain regions thought by some to support uniquely human capabilities. Our results indicate that coherent system fluctuations probably reflect an evolutionarily conserved aspect of brain functional organization that transcends levels of consciousness.},
author = {Vincent, J L and Patel, G H and Fox, M D and Snyder, a Z and Baker, J T and {Van Essen}, D C and Zempel, J M and Snyder, L H and Corbetta, M and Raichle, M E},
doi = {10.1038/nature05758},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Vincent et al. - 2007 - Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1476-4687},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {Anesthesia,Anesthetics, Inhalation,Anesthetics, Inhalation: pharmacology,Animals,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: anatomy \& histology,Brain: drug effects,Brain: physiology,Consciousness,Humans,Isoflurane,Isoflurane: pharmacology,Macaca fascicularis,Macaca fascicularis: anatomy \& histology,Macaca fascicularis: physiology,Macaca mulatta,Macaca mulatta: anatomy \& histology,Macaca mulatta: physiology,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: anatomy \& histology,Visual Cortex: drug effects,Visual Cortex: physiology},
month = may,
number = {7140},
pages = {83--6},
pmid = {17476267},
title = {{Intrinsic functional architecture in the anaesthetized monkey brain.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476267},
volume = {447},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Battaglia2004,
abstract = {In tasks involving goal-directed, stereotyped trajectories on uniform tracks, the spatially selective activity of hippocampal principal cells depends on the animal's direction of motion. Principal cell ensemble activity while the rat moves in opposite directions through a given location is typically uncorrelated. It is shown here, with data from three experiments, that multimodal, local sensory cues can change the directional properties of CA1 pyramidal cells, inducing bidirectionality in a significant proportion of place cells. For a majority of these bidirectional place cells, place field centers in the two directions of motion were displaced relative to one another, as would be the case if the cells were representing a position in space approximately 5-10 cm ahead of the rat or if place cells were subject to strong accommodation or inhibition in the latter half of their input fields. However, place field density was not affected by the presence of local cues, but in the experimental condition with the most salient sensory cues, the CA1 population vectors in the "cue-rich" condition were sparser and changed more quickly in space than in the "cue-poor" condition. These results suggest that "view-invariant" object representations are projected to the hippocampus from lower cortical areas and can have the effect of increasing the correlation of the hippocampal input vectors in the two directions, hence decreasing the orthogonality of hippocampal output.},
author = {Battaglia, Francesco P and Sutherland, Gary R and McNaughton, Bruce L},
institution = {Arizona Research Laboratories, Division of Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5115, USA.},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {19},
pages = {4541--4550},
pmid = {15140925},
title = {{Local sensory cues and place cell directionality: additional evidence of prospective coding in the hippocampus.}},
volume = {24},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Fenton2010,
abstract = {Hippocampus place cell discharge is an important model system for understanding cognition, but evidence is missing that the place code is under the kind of dynamic attentional control characterized in primates as selective activation of one neural representation and suppression of another, competing representation. We investigated the apparent noise ("overdispersion") in the CA1 place code, hypothesizing that overdispersion results from discharge fluctuations as spatial attention alternates between distal cues and local/self-motion cues. The hypothesis predicts that: (1) preferential use of distal cues will decrease overdispersion; (2) global, attention-like states can be decoded from ensemble discharge such that both the discharge rates and the spatial firing patterns of individual cells will be distinct in the two states; (3) identifying attention-like states improves reconstructions of the rat's path from ensemble discharge. These predictions were confirmed, implying that a covert, dynamic attention-like process modulates discharge on a approximately 1 s time scale. We conclude the hippocampus place code is a dynamic representation of the spatial information in the immediate focus of attention.},
author = {Fenton, Andr\'{e} A and Lytton, William W and Barry, Jeremy M and Lenck-Santini, Pierre-Pascal and Zinyuk, Larissa E and Kub\'{\i}k, Stepan and Bures, Jan and Poucet, Bruno and Muller, Robert U and Olypher, Andrey V},
institution = {Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neurology and The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York 11203, USA. afenton@downstate.edu},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {13},
pages = {4613--4625},
title = {{Attention-like modulation of hippocampus place cell discharge.}},
volume = {30},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Jackson2007,
abstract = {The firing of place cells in the rodent hippocampus is reliable enough to infer the rodent's position to a high accuracy; however, hippocampal firing also reflects the stages of complex tasks. Theories have suggested that these task-stage responses may reflect changes in reference frame related to task-related subgoals. If the hippocampus represents an environment in multiple ways depending on a task's demands, then switching between these cell assemblies should be detectable as a switch in spatial maps or reference frames. Place cells exhibit extreme temporal variability or "overdispersion," which Fenton et al. suggest reflects changes in active cell-assemblies. If reference-frame switching exists, investigating the relationship of the single cell variability described by Fenton and colleagues to network level processes provides an entry point to understanding the relationship between cell-assembly-like mechanisms and an animal's behavior. We tested the cell-assembly explanation for overdispersion by recording hippocampal neural ensembles from rats running three tasks of varying spatial complexity: linear track (LT), cylinder-foraging (CF), and cylinder-goal (CG). Consistent with the reports by Fenton and colleagues, hippocampal place cells showed high variance in their firing rates across place field passes on the CF and CG tasks. The directional firing of hippocampal place cells on LT provided a test of the reference-frame hypothesis: ignoring direction produced overdispersion similar to the CF and CG tasks; taking direction into account produced a significant decrease in overdispersion. To directly examine the possibility of a network modulation of cell-assemblies, we clustered the firing patterns within each pixel and chained them together to construct whole-environment spatial firing maps. Maps were internally self-consistent, switching with mean rates of several hundred milliseconds. There were significant increases in map-switching rates following reward-related events on the LT and CG tasks, but not on the CF task. Our results link single cell variability with network-level processes and imply that hippocampal spatial representations are made up of multiple, continuous sub-maps, the selection of which depends on the animal's goals when reward is tied to the animal's spatial behavior.},
author = {Jackson, Jadin and Redish, A. David},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {Cell assembly,Neural ensemble,Overdispersion,Place cell,Tetrode},
number = {12},
pages = {1209--1229},
pmid = {17764083},
title = {{Network dynamics of hippocampal cell-assemblies resemble multiple spatial maps within single tasks}},
volume = {17},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Karlsson2008,
abstract = {During development, activity-dependent processes increase the specificity of neural responses to stimuli, but the role that this type of process plays in adult plasticity is unclear. We examined the dynamics of hippocampal activity as animals learned about new environments to understand how neural selectivity changes with experience. Hippocampal principal neurons fire when the animal is located in a particular subregion of its environment, and in any given environment the hippocampal representation is sparse: less than half of the neurons in areas CA1 and CA3 are active whereas the rest are essentially silent. Here we show that different dynamics govern the evolution of this sparsity in CA1 and upstream area CA3. CA1, but not CA3, produces twice as many spikes in novel compared with familiar environments. This high rate firing continues during sharp wave ripple events in a subsequent rest period. The overall CA1 population rate declines and the number of active cells decreases as the environment becomes familiar and task performance improves, but the decline in rate is not uniform across neurons. Instead, the activity of cells with initial peak spatial rates above approximately 12 Hz is enhanced, whereas the activity of cells with lower initial peak rates is suppressed. The result of these changes is that the active CA1 population comes to consist of a relatively small group of cells with strong spatial tuning. This process is not evident in CA3, indicating that a region-specific and long timescale process operates in CA1 to create a sparse, spatially informative population of neurons.},
author = {Karlsson, Mattias P and Frank, Loren M},
institution = {W. M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0444, USA.},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {52},
pages = {14271--14281},
title = {{Network dynamics underlying the formation of sparse, informative representations in the hippocampus.}},
volume = {28},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lengyel2003,
abstract = {Firing of place cells in the exploring rat conveys doubly coded spatial information: both the rate of spikes and their timing relative to the phase of the ongoing field theta oscillation are correlated with the location of the animal. Specifically, the firing rate of a place cell waxes and wanes, while the timing of spikes precesses monotonically as the animal traverses the portion of the environment preferred by the cell. We propose a mechanism for the generation of this firing pattern that can be applied for place cells in all three hippocampal subfields and that encodes spatial information in the output of the cell without relying on topographical connections or topographical input. A single pyramidal cell was modeled so that the cell received rhythmic inhibition in phase with theta field potential oscillation on the soma and was excited on the dendrite with input depending on the speed of the rat. The dendrite sustained an intrinsic membrane potential oscillation, frequency modulated by its input. Firing probability of the cell was determined jointly by somatic and dendritic oscillations. Results were obtained on different levels of abstraction: a purely analytical derivation was arrived at, corroborated by numerical simulations of rate neurons, and an extension of these simulations to spiking neurons was also performed. Realistic patterns of rate and temporal coding emerged and were found to be inseparable. These results may have implications on the robustness of information coding in place cell firing and on the ways information is processed in structures downstream to the hippocampus.},
author = {Lengyel, M\'{a}t\'{e} and Szatm\'{a}ry, Zolt\'{a}n and \'{E}rdi, P\'{e}ter},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {Hippocampus,Membrane potential oscillation,Model,Place field,Theta phase precession},
number = {6},
pages = {700--714},
pmid = {12962315},
title = {{Dynamically detuned oscillations account for the coupled rate and temporal code of place cell firing}},
volume = {13},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Maurer2014,
author = {Maurer, a. P. and Lester, a. W. and Burke, S. N. and Ferng, J. J. and Barnes, C. a.},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1129-14.2014},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/Downloads/15022.full-1.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {oscillations,phase precession,place cells,population vector,sequence learning,theta},
month = nov,
number = {45},
pages = {15022--15031},
title = {{Back to the Future: Preserved Hippocampal Network Activity during Reverse Ambulation}},
url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1129-14.2014},
volume = {34},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Blake1989,
abstract = {When the two eyes view discrepant monocular stimuli, stable single vision gives way to alternating periods of monocular dominance; this is the well-known but little understood phenomenon of binocular rivalry. This article develops a neural theory of binocular rivalry that treats the phenomenon as the default outcome when binocular correspondence cannot be established. The theory posits the existence of monocular and binocular neurons arrayed within a functional processing module, with monocular neurons playing a crucial role in signaling the stimulus conditions instigating rivalry and generating inhibitory signals to implement suppression. Suppression is conceived as a local process happening in parallel over the entire cortical representation of the binocular visual field. The strength of inhibition causing suppression is related to the size of the pool of monocular neurons innervated by the suppressed eye, and the duration of a suppression phase is attributed to the strength of excitation generated by the suppressed stimulus. The theory is compared with three other contemporary theories of binocular rivalry. The article closes with a discussion of some of the unresolved problems related to the theory.},
author = {Blake, R},
chapter = {145},
journal = {Psychological Review},
keywords = {attention,attention physiology,cerebral,cerebral physiology,dominance,humans,neurons,neurons physiology,retina,retina physiology,vision disparity,vision disparity physiology,visual cortex,visual cortex physiology,visual pathways,visual pathways physiology,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {1},
pages = {145--167},
pmid = {2648445},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
title = {{A neural theory of binocular rivalry.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2648445},
volume = {96},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Girardeau2011,
abstract = {During slow wave sleep and quiet wakefulness, the hippocampus generates high frequency field oscillations (ripples) during which pyramidal neurons replay previous waking activity in a temporally compressed manner. As a result, reactivated firing patterns occur within shorter time windows propitious for synaptic plasticity within the hippocampal network and in downstream neocortical structures. This is consistent with the long-held view that ripples participate in strengthening and reorganizing memory traces, possibly by mediating information transfer to neocortical areas. Recent studies have confirmed that ripples and associated neuronal reactivations play a causal role in memory consolidation during sleep and rest. However, further research will be necessary to better understand the neurophysiological mechanisms of memory consolidation, in particular the selection of reactivated assemblies, and the functional specificity of awake ripples.},
author = {Girardeau, Gabrielle and Zugaro, Micha\"{e}l},
doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.005},
institution = {CNRS-Coll\`{e}ge de France, LPPA, UMR7152, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.},
isbn = {1873-6882 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0959-4388 (Linking)},
issn = {09594388},
journal = {Current opinion in neurobiology},
number = {3},
pages = {452--459},
pmid = {21371881},
title = {{Hippocampal ripples and memory consolidation.}},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{freqdisc,
author = {Goble, A K and Hollins, M},
journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
pages = {771},
title = {{Vibrotactile adaptation enhances frequency discrimination}},
volume = {96},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Grech2008,
abstract = {In this primer, we give a review of the inverse problem for EEG source localization. This is intended for the researchers new in the field to get insight in the state-of-the-art techniques used to find approximate solutions of the brain sources giving rise to a scalp potential recording. Furthermore, a review of the performance results of the different techniques is provided to compare these different inverse solutions. The authors also include the results of a Monte-Carlo analysis which they performed to compare four non parametric algorithms and hence contribute to what is presently recorded in the literature. An extensive list of references to the work of other researchers is also provided. This paper starts off with a mathematical description of the inverse problem and proceeds to discuss the two main categories of methods which were developed to solve the EEG inverse problem, mainly the non parametric and parametric methods. The main difference between the two is to whether a fixed number of dipoles is assumed a priori or not. Various techniques falling within these categories are described including minimum norm estimates and their generalizations, LORETA, sLORETA, VARETA, S-MAP, ST-MAP, Backus-Gilbert, LAURA, Shrinking LORETA FOCUSS (SLF), SSLOFO and ALF for non parametric methods and beamforming techniques, BESA, subspace techniques such as MUSIC and methods derived from it, FINES, simulated annealing and computational intelligence algorithms for parametric methods. From a review of the performance of these techniques as documented in the literature, one could conclude that in most cases the LORETA solution gives satisfactory results. In situations involving clusters of dipoles, higher resolution algorithms such as MUSIC or FINES are however preferred. Imposing reliable biophysical and psychological constraints, as done by LAURA has given superior results. The Monte-Carlo analysis performed, comparing WMN, LORETA, sLORETA and SLF, for different noise levels and different simulated source depths has shown that for single source localization, regularized sLORETA gives the best solution in terms of both localization error and ghost sources. Furthermore the computationally intensive solution given by SLF was not found to give any additional benefits under such simulated conditions.},
author = {Grech, Roberta and Cassar, Tracey and Muscat, Joseph and Camilleri, Kenneth P and Fabri, Simon G and Zervakis, Michalis and Xanthopoulos, Petros and Sakkalis, Vangelis and Vanrumste, Bart},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Grech et al. - 2008 - Review on solving the inverse problem in EEG source analysis.pdf:pdf},
institution = {iBERG, University of Malta, Malta. roberta.grech@um.edu.mt},
journal = {Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation},
keywords = {algorithms,animals,brain,brain physiology,electroencephalography,humans,models,neurological,theoretical},
number = {1},
pages = {25},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
title = {{Review on solving the inverse problem in EEG source analysis}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2605581\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {5},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Gregory1980,
abstract = {The philosophy of perception is a microcosm of the metaphysics of mind. Its central problems - what is perception? What is the nature of perceptual consciousness? How can one fit an account of perceptual experience into a broader account of the nature of the mind and the world? - are at the heart of metaphysics. Rather than try to cover all of the many strands in the philosophy of perception, this book focuses on a particular orthodoxy about the nature of visual perception. The central problem for visual science has been to explain how the brain bridges the gap between what is given to the visual system and what is actually experienced by the perceiver. The orthodox view of perception is that it is a process whereby the brain, or a dedicated subsystem of the brain, builds up representations of relevant figures of the environment on the basis of information encoded by the sensory receptors. Most adherents of the orthodox view also believe that for every conscious perceptual state of the subject, there is a particular set of neurons whose activities are sufficient for the occurrence of that state. Some of the essays in this book defend the orthodoxy; most criticize it; and some propose alternatives to it. Synopsis The philosophy of perception is a microcosm of the metaphysics of mind. Its central problems - what is perception? What is the nature of perceptual consciousness? How can one fit an account of perceptual experience into a broader account of the nature of the mind and the world? - are at the heart of metaphysics. Rather than try to cover all of the many strands in the philosophy of perception, this book focuses on a particular orthodoxy about the nature of visual perception. The central problem for visual science has been to explain how the brain bridges the gap between what is given to the visual system and what is actually experienced by the perceiver. The orthodox view of perception is that it is a process whereby the brain, or a dedicated subsystem of the brain, builds up representations of relevant figures of the environment on the basis of information encoded by the sensory receptors. Most adherents of the orthodox view also believe that for every conscious perceptual state of the subject, there is a particular set of neurons whose activities are sufficient for the occurrence of that state. Some of the essays in this book defend the orthodoxy; most criticize it; and some propose alternatives to it.},
author = {Gregory, R L},
chapter = {7},
editor = {Thompson, Evan and No\"{e}, Alva},
isbn = {0262640473},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences},
number = {1038},
pages = {181--197},
publisher = {The Royal Society},
title = {{Percpetions as hypotheses}},
volume = {290},
year = {1980}
}
@article{He1999,
abstract = {Cortical potentials are estimated from scalp potentials using a realistically shaped inhomogeneous head model, by means of the boundary element method (BEM). A new adaptive algorithm has been developed to achieve high accuracy to link directly the cortical potentials to the scalp potentials in a realistically shaped inhomogeneous head model including the thin low-conductivity skull layer. Computer simulations using a concentric three-spheres head model have tested this approach. The present study demonstrates that the cortical potentials can be directly estimated from the scalp potentials using the BEM in a realistically shaped inhomogeneous head model.},
author = {He, B and Wang, Y and Wu, D},
institution = {Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois, Chicago 60607, USA. bhe@uic.edu},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
keywords = {algorithms,anatomic,brain,brain physiology,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiology,computer assisted,computer simulation,electric conductivity,electroencephalography,electroencephalography methods,head,head anatomy \& histology,humans,models,neurological,scalp,scalp physiology,signal processing,statistical},
number = {10},
pages = {1264--1268},
pmid = {10513133},
title = {{Estimating cortical potentials from scalp EEG's in a realistically shaped inhomogeneous head model by means of the boundary element method.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10513133},
volume = {46},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Jiang2006,
abstract = {Perceiving faces is critical for social interaction. Evidence suggests that different neural pathways may be responsible for processing face identity and expression information. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we measured brain responses when observers viewed neutral, fearful, and scrambled faces, either visible or rendered invisible through interocular suppression. The right fusiform face area (FFA), the right superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the amygdala responded strongly to visible faces. However, when face images became invisible, activity in FFA to both neutral and fearful faces was much reduced, although still measurable; activity in the STS was robust only to invisible fearful faces but not to neutral faces. Activity in the amygdala was equally strong in both the visible and invisible conditions to fearful faces but much weaker in the invisible condition for the neutral faces. In the invisible condition, amygdala activity was highly correlated with that of the STS but not with FFA. The results in the invisible condition support the existence of dissociable neural systems specialized for processing facial identity and expression information. When images are invisible, cortical responses may reflect primarily feed-forward visual-information processing and thus allow us to reveal the distinct functions of FFA and STS.},
author = {Jiang, Yi and He, Sheng},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Jiang, He - 2006 - Cortical responses to invisible faces dissociating subsystems for facial-information processing.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.},
journal = {Current Biology},
keywords = {amygdala,amygdala physiology,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiology,face,female,humans,magnetic resonance imaging,male,pattern recognition,photic stimulation,visual,visual physiology},
number = {20},
pages = {2023--2029},
pmid = {17055981},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Cortical responses to invisible faces: dissociating subsystems for facial-information processing.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17055981},
volume = {16},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Kastner2000,
author = {Kastner, Sabine and Ungerleider, Leslie G},
journal = {Brain},
keywords = {functional brain imaging,neglect,object,selective attention,vision},
pages = {315--341},
title = {{MECHANISMS OF VISUAL A TTENTION IN THE HUMAN CORTEX}},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Leung1984,
abstract = {Short segments of hippocampal EEG in the rat were recorded during rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) and active waking behaviors. Fourier analysis was used to reveal the time-varying changes of theta power, frequency, coherence and phase in stratum radiatum (apical dendritic layer) of CA1 region. In all cases studied during REM sleep or active waking, a significant, positive correlation of radiatum theta phase and peak theta frequency was found. The radiatum phase was found to range from 100 to 170 degrees and increased towards 180 degrees at high (7.8-8.6 c/sec) theta frequency. Electrodes at sites other than stratum radiatum did not show this phase-frequency relation. By selectively averaging across spectra of EEG with the same selected peak theta frequency, it was found that the power at the first or second theta harmonic, the integrated power of fast EEG (30-100 c/sec) and the radiatum theta phase all generally increased with increasing theta frequency. The results indicate that the radiatum theta phase (and frequency) is dynamically varying during normal behaviors. Together with previous findings on the pharmacology of theta phase, the results suggest that both atropine-sensitive and atropine-resistant inputs are present during normal behaviors},
author = {Leung, L S},
issn = {00134694},
journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
number = {6},
pages = {553--564},
title = {{Theta rhythm during REM sleep and waking: correlations between power, phase and frequency}},
volume = {58},
year = {1984}
}
@article{Maurer2007,
abstract = {Hippocampal 'place cells' systematically shift their phase of firing in relation to the theta rhythm as an animal traverses the 'place field'. These dynamics imply that the neural ensemble begins each theta cycle at a point in its state-space that might 'represent' the current location of the rat, but that the ensemble 'looks ahead' during the rest of the cycle. Phase precession could result from intrinsic cellular dynamics involving interference of two oscillators of different frequencies, or from network interactions, similar to Hebb's 'phase sequence' concept, involving asymmetric synaptic connections. Both models have difficulties accounting for all of the available experimental data, however. A hybrid model, in which the look-ahead phenomenon implied by phase precession originates in superficial entorhinal cortex by some form of interference mechanism and is enhanced in the hippocampus proper by asymmetric synaptic plasticity during sequence encoding, seems to be consistent with available data, but as yet there is no fully satisfactory theoretical account of this phenomenon. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Physiogenic and pathogenic oscillations: the beauty and the beast, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com). ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
author = {Maurer, Andrew P. and McNaughton, Bruce L.},
journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
number = {7},
pages = {325--333},
pmid = {17532482},
title = {{Network and intrinsic cellular mechanisms underlying theta phase precession of hippocampal neurons}},
volume = {30},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Monaco2011,
abstract = {Hippocampal place fields, the local regions of activity recorded from place cells in exploring rodents, can undergo large changes in relative location during remapping. This process would appear to require some form of modulated global input. Grid-cell responses recorded from layer II of medial entorhinal cortex in rats have been observed to realign concurrently with hippocampal remapping, making them a candidate input source. However, this realignment occurs coherently across colocalized ensembles of grid cells (Fyhn et al., 2007). The hypothesized entorhinal contribution to remapping depends on whether this coherence extends to all grid cells, which is currently unknown. We study whether dividing grid cells into small numbers of independently realigning modules can both account for this localized coherence and allow for hippocampal remapping. To do this, we construct a model in which place-cell responses arise from network competition mediated by global inhibition. We show that these simulated responses approximate the sparsity and spatial specificity of hippocampal activity while fully representing a virtual environment without learning. Place-field locations and the set of active place cells in one environment can be independently rearranged by changes to the underlying grid-cell inputs. We introduce new measures of remapping to assess the effectiveness of grid-cell modularity and to compare shift realignments with other geometric transformations of grid-cell responses. Complete hippocampal remapping is possible with a small number of shifting grid modules, indicating that entorhinal realignment may be able to generate place-field randomization despite substantial coherence.},
author = {Monaco, Joseph D and Abbott, L F},
institution = {Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA. jmonaco@jhu.edu},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {25},
pages = {9414--9425},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
title = {{Modular realignment of entorhinal grid cell activity as a basis for hippocampal remapping.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697391},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{O'Keefe1993,
abstract = {Many complex spike cells in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat have as their primary correlate the animal's location in an environment (place cells). In contrast, the hippocampal electroencephalograph theta pattern of rhythmical waves (7-12 Hz) is better correlated with a class of movements that change the rat's location in an environment. During movement through the place field, the complex spike cells often fire in a bursting pattern with an interburst frequency in the same range as the concurrent electroencephalograph theta. The present study examined the phase of the theta wave at which the place cells fired. It was found that firing consistently began at a particular phase as the rat entered the field but then shifted in a systematic way during traversal of the field, moving progressively forward on each theta cycle. This precession of the phase ranged from 100 degrees to 355 degrees in different cells. The effect appeared to be due to the fact that individual cells had a higher interburst rate than the theta frequency. The phase was highly correlated with spatial location and less well correlated with temporal aspects of behavior, such as the time after place field entry. These results have implications for several aspects of hippocampal function. First, by using the phase relationship as well as the firing rate, place cells can improve the accuracy of place coding. Second, the characteristics of the phase shift constrain the models that define the construction of place fields. Third, the results restrict the temporal and spatial circumstances under which synapses in the hippocampus could be modified.},
author = {O'Keefe, J and Recce, ML},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/O'Keefe, Recce - 1993 - Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, U.K.},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {action potentials,animals,electroencephalography,hippocampus,inbred strains,motor activity,neurons,rats,theta rhythm},
number = {3},
pages = {317--30},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.},
title = {{Phase relationship between hippocampal place units and the EEG theta rhythm.}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/95557/},
volume = {3},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Romei2012,
abstract = {Although oscillatory activity in the alpha band was traditionally associated with lack of alertness, more recent work has linked it to specific cognitive functions, including visual attention. The emerging method of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows causal interventional tests for the online impact on performance of TMS administered in short bursts at a particular frequency. TMS bursts at 10 Hz have recently been shown to have an impact on spatial visual attention, but any role in featural attention remains unclear. Here we used rhythmic TMS at 10 Hz to assess the impact on attending to global or local components of a hierarchical Navon-like stimulus (D. Navon (1977) Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception. Cognit. Psychol., 9, 353), in a paradigm recently used with TMS at other frequencies (V. Romei, J. Driver, P.G. Schyns \& G. Thut. (2011) Rhythmic TMS over parietal cortex links distinct brain frequencies to global versus local visual processing. Curr. Biol., 2, 334-337). In separate groups, left or right posterior parietal sites were stimulated at 10 Hz just before presentation of the hierarchical stimulus. Participants had to identify either the local or global component in separate blocks. Right parietal 10 Hz stimulation (vs. sham) significantly impaired global processing without affecting local processing, while left parietal 10 Hz stimulation vs. sham impaired local processing with a minor trend to enhance global processing. These 10 Hz outcomes differed significantly from stimulation at other frequencies (i.e. 5 or 20 Hz) over the same site in other recent work with the same paradigm. These dissociations confirm differential roles of the two hemispheres in local vs. global processing, and reveal a frequency-specific role for stimulation in the alpha band for regulating feature-based visual attention.},
author = {Romei, Vincenzo and Thut, Gregor and Mok, Robert M and Schyns, Philippe G and Driver, Jon},
doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08020.x},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Romei et al. - 2012 - Causal implication by rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation of alpha frequency in feature-based local vs. glo.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1460-9568},
journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
keywords = {alpha,brain oscillations,entrainment,featural attention,rhythmic tms},
month = mar,
number = {January},
pages = {968--974},
pmid = {22394014},
title = {{Causal implication by rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation of alpha frequency in feature-based local vs. global attention.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22394014},
volume = {35},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sauseng2005,
abstract = {Event-related potentials and ongoing oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) activity were measured while subjects performed a cued visual spatial attention task. They were instructed to shift their attention to either the left or right visual hemifield according to a cue, which could be valid or invalid. Thereafter, a peripheral target had to be evaluated. At posterior parietal brain areas early components of the event-related potential (P1 and N1) were higher when the cue had been valid compared with invalid. An anticipatory attention effect was found in EEG alpha magnitude at parieto-occipital electrode sites. Starting 200 ms before target onset alpha amplitudes were significantly stronger suppressed at sites contralateral to the attended visual hemifield than ipsilateral to it. In addition, phase coupling between prefrontal and posterior parietal electrode sites was calculated. It was found that prefrontal cortex shows stronger phase coupling with posterior sites that are contralateral to the attended hemifield than ipsilateral sites. The results suggest that a shift of attention selectively modulates excitability of the contralateral posterior parietal cortex and that this posterior modulation of alpha activity is controlled by prefrontal regions.},
author = {Sauseng, P and Klimesch, W and Stadler, W and Schabus, M and Doppelmayr, M and Hanslmayr, S and Gruber, W R and Birbaumer, N},
doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04482.x},
issn = {0953-816X},
journal = {The European journal of neuroscience},
keywords = {Adult,Alpha Rhythm,Attention,Attention: physiology,Cues,Electroencephalography,Female,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Male,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: cytology,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Psychomotor Performance,Psychomotor Performance: physiology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Fields: physiology},
month = dec,
number = {11},
pages = {2917--26},
pmid = {16324126},
title = {{A shift of visual spatial attention is selectively associated with human EEG alpha activity.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16324126},
volume = {22},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Sterzer2009,
abstract = {Multistable perception is the spontaneous alternation between two or more perceptual states that occurs when sensory information is ambiguous. Multistable phenomena permit dissociation of neural activity related to conscious perception from that related to sensory stimulation, and therefore have been used extensively to study the neural correlates of consciousness. Here, we review recent work on the neural mechanisms underlying multistable perception and how such work has contributed to understanding the neural correlates of consciousness. Particular emphasis is put on the role of high-level brain mechanisms that are involved in actively selecting and interpreting sensory information, and their interactions with lower-level processes that are more directly concerned with the processing of sensory stimulus properties.},
author = {Sterzer, Philipp and Kleinschmidt, Andreas and Rees, Geraint},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.006},
issn = {1364-6613},
journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
keywords = {Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: anatomy \& histology,Brain: physiology,Functional Laterality,Functional Laterality: physiology,Humans,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Neural Pathways: physiology,Perception,Perception: classification,Perception: physiology,Physical Stimulation},
month = jul,
number = {7},
pages = {310--318},
pmid = {19540794},
title = {{The neural bases of multistable perception.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19540794},
volume = {13},
year = {2009}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011c,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{thalsynch,
author = {Wang, Qi and Webber, Roxanna M and Stanley, Garrett B},
doi = {10.1038/nn.2670},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
keywords = { important,adaptation},
month = nov,
number = {12},
pages = {1534--1541},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Thalamic synchrony and the adaptive gating of information flow to cortex}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.2670},
volume = {13},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Womelsdorf2007,
abstract = {Brain processing depends on the interactions between neuronal groups. Those interactions are governed by the pattern of anatomical connections and by yet unknown mechanisms that modulate the effective strength of a given connection. We found that the mutual influence among neuronal groups depends on the phase relation between rhythmic activities within the groups. Phase relations supporting interactions between the groups preceded those interactions by a few milliseconds, consistent with a mechanistic role. These effects were specific in time, frequency, and space, and we therefore propose that the pattern of synchronization flexibly determines the pattern of neuronal interactions.},
author = {Womelsdorf, Thilo and Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs and Oostenveld, Robert and Singer, Wolf and Desimone, Robert and Engel, Andreas K and Fries, Pascal},
institution = {F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands. thilo.womelsdorf@fcdonders.ru.nl},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {action potentials,animals,cats,electrodes,electrophysiology,implanted,macaca nemestrina,male,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neurons,neurons physiology,parietal lobe,parietal lobe anatomy \& histology,parietal lobe physiology,temporal lobe,temporal lobe anatomy \& histology,temporal lobe physiology,visual pathways},
number = {5831},
pages = {1609--1612},
pmid = {17569862},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
title = {{Modulation of neuronal interactions through neuronal synchronization.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569862},
volume = {316},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Bargary2008,
abstract = {Synaesthesia is a heritable condition of involuntary sensory cross-activation whereby the presentation of a particular stimulus elicits a secondary sensory-perceptual experience. It is thought to be caused by aberrant cross-activation of one cortical area by another, but models differ as to whether this reflects functional or structural differences in the brains of synaesthetes. Here we consider these models in light of recent experimental findings and argue for structural differences in the brains of synaesthetes, which might be more widespread than expected. We also discuss several plausible developmental mechanisms that could link a putative genetic variant to altered cortical connectivity and illustrate how synaesthesia could be an informative model to investigate how patterns of connectivity between cortical areas are established.},
author = {Bargary, Gary and Mitchell, Kevin J},
doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2008.03.007},
issn = {0166-2236},
journal = {Trends in neurosciences},
keywords = {Brain Diseases,Brain Diseases: pathology,Brain Diseases: physiopathology,Humans,Neural Pathways,Neural Pathways: pathology,Neural Pathways: physiopathology,Sensation,Sensation: physiology},
month = jul,
number = {7},
pages = {335--42},
pmid = {18550184},
title = {{Synaesthesia and cortical connectivity.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550184},
volume = {31},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Bertrand1985,
abstract = {For multichannel evoked potential recording, several authors have proposed to use the 'average reference.' This paper tries to justify the choice of this reference. Indeed, it can be shown that the integral of the potential distribution over a sphere including current dipoles is null. The limitations of the use of such an average reference are discussed.},
author = {Bertrand, O and Perrin, F and Pernier, J},
journal = {Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology},
number = {6},
pages = {462--464},
pmid = {2415344},
title = {{A theoretical justification of the average reference in topographic evoked potential studies.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve\&db=PubMed\&dopt=Citation\&list\_uids=2415344},
volume = {62},
year = {1985}
}
@article{Diba2007,
abstract = {We report that temporal spike sequences from hippocampal place neurons of rats on an elevated track recurred in reverse order at the end of a run, but in forward order in anticipation of the run, coinciding with sharp waves. Vector distances between the place fields were reflected in the temporal structure of these sequences. This bidirectional re-enactment of temporal sequences may contribute to the establishment of higher-order associations in episodic memory.},
author = {Diba, Kamran and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. diba@andromeda.rutgers.edu},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
number = {10},
pages = {1241--1242},
title = {{Forward and reverse hippocampal place-cell sequences during ripples.}},
volume = {10},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Fell2011,
abstract = {In recent years, studies ranging from single-unit recordings in animals to electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies in humans have demonstrated the pivotal role of phase synchronization in memory processes. Phase synchronization - here referring to the synchronization of oscillatory phases between different brain regions - supports both working memory and long-term memory and acts by facilitating neural communication and by promoting neural plasticity. There is evidence that processes underlying working and long-term memory might interact in the medial temporal lobe. We propose that this is accomplished by neural operations involving phase-phase and phase-amplitude synchronization. A deeper understanding of how phase synchronization supports the flexibility of and interaction between memory systems may yield new insights into the functions of phase synchronization in general.},
author = {Fell, Juergen and Axmacher, Nikolai},
chapter = {105},
institution = {Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. juergen.fell@ukb.uni-bonn.de},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
number = {2},
pages = {105--118},
pmid = {21248789},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{The role of phase synchronization in memory processes.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21248789},
volume = {12},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Foster2007,
abstract = {The activity of individual hippocampal principal neurons is spatially localized such that each neuron is active only when the animal occupies an area of the environment known as the cell's place field. Additionally, the activity of hippocampal neurons exhibits a particular temporal relationship to the hippocampal EEG, such that spikes fired by the neuron occur at progressively earlier phases of the co-occurring theta rhythm in the EEG as the animal traverses the place field. This relationship is known as theta precession. A long-standing prediction following the observation of theta precession has been that among a collection of hippocampal neurons recorded simultaneously, the neurons will fire in sequences reflecting the behavioral order of the place fields. Here we examine this prediction. We show that clear, ordered sequences occur during theta, which we name theta sequences, in which a portion of the animal's spatial experience is played out in forwards order. We further investigate the relationship of theta sequences to phase precession by shuffling spike phases in such a way as to preserve the relationship between spike phase and position. This jitter significantly reduces the prevalence of theta sequences while leaving theta phase precession intact, suggesting that the presence of theta phase precession is not trivially predictive of theta sequences. Finally, we discuss the relationship between theta sequences and individual place fields, and the possible functional role of theta sequences in navigational learning.},
author = {Foster, David J and Wilson, Matthew A},
institution = {Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. djfoster@mit.edu},
journal = {Hippocampus},
number = {11},
pages = {1093--1099},
pmid = {17663452},
publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
title = {{Hippocampal theta sequences.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663452},
volume = {17},
year = {2007}
}
@article{topdown,
author = {Frith, Chris D and Friston, Karl J},
doi = {10.1006/nimg.1996.0072},
issn = {1053-8119},
journal = {NeuroImage},
number = {3},
pages = {210--215},
title = {{The Role of the Thalamus in “Top Down” Modulation of Attention to Sound}},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811996900725},
volume = {4},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Gordon2011,
abstract = {The hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex subserve spatial working memory in rodents. Recent evidence has demonstrated functional interactions between these brain regions in the form of sychronization of oscillatory activity during behavior. The nature of this synchrony and its relationship to behavioral performance suggests an important role in the function of the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit.},
author = {Gordon, Joshua A},
institution = {Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. jg343@columbia.edu},
journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
number = {3},
pages = {486--491},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Oscillations and hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21470846},
volume = {21},
year = {2011}
}
@article{globstim,
abstract = {A fundamental step in visual pattern recognition is the establishment of relations between spatially separate features. Recently, we have shown that neurons in the cat visual cortex have oscillatory responses in the range 40-60 Hz (refs 1, 2) which occur in synchrony for cells in a functional column and are tightly correlated with a local oscillatory field potential. This led us to hypothesize that the synchronization of oscillatory responses of spatially distributed, feature selective cells might be a way to establish relations between features in different parts of the visual field. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate here that neurons in spatially separate columns can synchronize their oscillatory responses. The synchronization has, on average, no phase difference, depends on the spatial separation and the orientation preference of the cells and is influenced by global stimulus properties.},
address = {Max-Planck-Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, FRG.},
author = {Gray, Charles M and Konig, Peter and Engel, Andreas K and Singer, Wolf},
doi = {10.1038/338334a0},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
month = mar,
number = {6213},
pages = {334--337},
pmid = {2922061},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Oscillatory responses in cat visual cortex exhibit inter-columnar synchronization which reflects global stimulus properties}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338334a0},
volume = {338},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Harris2005,
abstract = {Cortical neurons show irregular but structured spike trains. This has been interpreted as evidence for 'temporal coding', whereby stimuli are represented by precise spike-timing patterns. Here, we suggest an alternative interpretation based on the older concept of the cell assembly. The dynamic evolution of assembly sequences, which are steered but not deterministically controlled by sensory input, is the proposed substrate of psychological processes beyond simple stimulus-response associations. Accordingly, spike trains show a temporal structure that is stimulus-dependent and more variable than would be predicted by strict sensory control. We propose four signatures of assembly organization that can be experimentally tested. We argue that many observations that have been interpreted as evidence for temporal coding might instead reflect an underlying assembly structure.},
author = {Harris, K D},
issn = {1471003X},
journal = {Nat Rev Neurosci},
number = {5},
pages = {399--407},
title = {{Neural signatures of cell assembly organization}},
volume = {6},
year = {2005}
}
@book{Hebb1949,
abstract = {Since its publication in 1949, D.O. Hebb's, The Organization of Behavior has been one of the most influential books in the fields of psychology and neuroscience. However, the original edition has been unavailable since 1966, ensuring that Hebb's comment that a classic normally means "cited but not read" is true in his case. This new edition rectifies a long-standing problem for behavioral neuroscientists-the inability to obtain one of the most cited publications in the field. The Organization of Behavior played a significant part in stimulating the investigation of the neural foundations of behavior and continues to be inspiring because it provides a general framework for relating behavior to synaptic organization through the dynamics of neural networks. D.O. Hebb was also the first to examine the mechanisms by which environment and experience can influence brain structure and function, and his ideas formed the basis for work on enriched environments as stimulants for behavioral development. References to Hebb, the Hebbian cell assembly, the Hebb synapse, and the Hebb rule increase each year. These forceful ideas of 1949 are now applied in engineering, robotics, and computer science, as well as neurophysiology, neuroscience, and psychology-a tribute to Hebb's foresight in developing a foundational neuropsychological theory of the organization of behavior.},
author = {Hebb, D O},
booktitle = {Science Education},
doi = {10.2307/1418888},
editor = {Erlbaum},
isbn = {0805843000},
issn = {00107549},
number = {1},
pages = {335},
pmid = {1605},
publisher = {Wiley},
series = {A Wiley book in clinical psychology},
title = {{The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory}},
url = {http://www.amazon.com/dp/0805843000},
volume = {44},
year = {1949}
}
@article{Lisman2009,
abstract = {Recordings of rat hippocampal place cells have provided information about how the hippocampus retrieves memory sequences. One line of evidence has to do with phase precession, a process organized by theta and gamma oscillations. This precession can be interpreted as the cued prediction of the sequence of upcoming positions. In support of this interpretation, experiments in two-dimensional environments and on a cue-rich linear track demonstrate that many cells represent a position ahead of the animal and that this position is the same irrespective of which direction the rat is coming from. Other lines of investigation have demonstrated that such predictive processes also occur in the non-spatial domain and that retrieval can be internally or externally cued. The mechanism of sequence retrieval and the usefulness of this retrieval to guide behaviour are discussed.},
author = {Lisman, John and Redish, A D},
institution = {Department of Biology and Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA. lisman@brandeis.edu},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
number = {1521},
pages = {1193--1201},
title = {{Prediction, sequences and the hippocampus.}},
volume = {364},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Maris2007,
abstract = {In this paper, we show how ElectroEncephaloGraphic (EEG) and MagnetoEncephaloGraphic (MEG) data can be analyzed statistically using nonparametric techniques. Nonparametric statistical tests offer complete freedom to the user with respect to the test statistic by means of which the experimental conditions are compared. This freedom provides a straightforward way to solve the multiple comparisons problem (MCP) and it allows to incorporate biophysically motivated constraints in the test statistic, which may drastically increase the sensitivity of the statistical test. The paper is written for two audiences: (1) empirical neuroscientists looking for the most appropriate data analysis method, and (2) methodologists interested in the theoretical concepts behind nonparametric statistical tests. For the empirical neuroscientist, a large part of the paper is written in a tutorial-like fashion, enabling neuroscientists to construct their own statistical test, maximizing the sensitivity to the expected effect. And for the methodologist, it is explained why the nonparametric test is formally correct. This means that we formulate a null hypothesis (identical probability distribution in the different experimental conditions) and show that the nonparametric test controls the false alarm rate under this null hypothesis.},
author = {Maris, Eric and Oostenveld, Robert},
doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024},
institution = {NICI, Biological Psychology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. maris@nici.ru.nl},
issn = {01650270},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
keywords = {brain,brain mapping,brain mapping methods,brain physiology,computer assisted,data interpretation,electroencephalography,electroencephalography methods,evoked potentials,evoked potentials physiology,humans,magnetoencephalography,magnetoencephalography methods,nonparametric,signal processing,statistical,statistics},
number = {1},
pages = {177--90},
pmid = {17517438},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17517438},
volume = {164},
year = {2007}
}
@article{McNaughton1984,
abstract = {Isolated single units in rat dorsal hippocampus and fascia dentata were classified as 'Theta' or 'Complex-Spike' cells, and their firing characteristics were examined with respect to position, direction and velocity of movement during forced choice, food rewarded search behavior on a radial eight arm maze. Most spikes from CS cells occurred when the animal was located within a particular place on the maze and moving in a particular direction. Theta cells had very low spatial selectivity. Both cell categories had discharge probabilities which increased somewhat as a function of running velocity but tended to asymptote well before half-maximal velocity. The place/direction specificity of CS cells was significantly higher in CA1 than in CA3 and CA3 CS cells exhibited a striking preference for the inward radial direction. The pronounced directional selectivity of CS cells, at least in the present environment, suggests that they fire in response to complex, but specific, stimulus features in the extramaze world rather than to absolute place in a non-egocentric space. An alternative possibility is that the geometrical constraints of the maze surface have a profound influence on the shapes of the response fields of CS cells.},
author = {McNaughton, B. L. and Barnes, C. A. and O'Keefe, J.},
journal = {Experimental Brain Research},
number = {1},
pages = {195},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
title = {{The contributions of position, direction, and velocity to single unit activity in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats}},
volume = {54},
year = {1984}
}
@article{adaptrev,
abstract = {Recently, the study of sensory cortex has focused on the context-dependent evolution of receptive fields and cortical maps over millisecond to second time-scales. This article reviews advances in our understanding of these processes in the rat primary somatosensory cortex (SI). Subthreshold input to individual rat SI neurons is extensive, spanning several vibrissae from the center of the receptive field, and arrives within 25 ms of vibrissa deflection. These large subthreshold receptive fields provide a broad substrate for rapid excitatory and inhibitory multi-vibrissa interactions. The 'whisking' behavior, an approximately 8 Hz ellipsoid movement of the vibrissae, introduces a context-dependent change in the pattern of vibrissa movement during tactile exploration. Stimulation of vibrissae over this frequency range modulates the pattern of activity in thalamic and cortical neurons, and, at the level of the cortical map, focuses the extent of the vibrissa representation relative to lower frequency stimulation (1 Hz). These findings suggest that one function of whisking is to reset cortical organization to improve tactile discrimination. Recent discoveries in primary visual cortex (VI) demonstrate parallel non-linearities in center-surround interactions in rat SI and VI, and provide a model for the rapid integration of multi-vibrissa input. The studies discussed in this article suggest that, despite its original conception as a uniquely segregated cortex, rat SI has a wide array of dynamic interactions, and that the study of this region will provide insight into the general mechanisms of cortical dynamics engaged by sensory systems.},
address = {Dept of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.},
author = {Moore, C I and Nelson, S B and Sur, M},
issn = {0166-2236},
journal = {Trends Neurosci},
keywords = {icms},
month = nov,
number = {11},
pages = {513--520},
pmid = {10529819},
title = {{Dynamics of neuronal processing in rat somatosensory cortex.}},
url = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10529819},
volume = {22},
year = {1999}
}
@article{O'Keefe1971,
abstract = {Responses of cells in the dorsal hippocampus of rats to restraining tactile stimuli as a function of spatial orientation suggest that the hippocampus provides the rest of the brain with a spatial reference map. The activity of cells in such a map would specify the direction in which the s was pointing relative to environmental landmarks and the occurrence of particular tactile, visual, etc., stimuli while facing in that orientation. It is hypothesized that activation of those cells specifying a particular orientation together with a signal indicating movement or intention to move in space would tend to activate cells specifying adjacent or subsequent spatial orientations. In this way, the map would "anticipate" the sensory stimuli consequent to a particular movement.},
author = {O'Keefe, J and Dostrovsky, J},
journal = {Brain Research},
keywords = {acoustics,animal,animals,arousal,behavior,cognition,cues,electrodes,electrophysiology,feeding behavior,grooming,hearing,hippocampus,homing behavior,implanted,light,limbic system,locomotion,motor activity,neurons,ocular,odors,orientation,rats,sleep,smell,touch,vision},
number = {1},
pages = {171--175},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
title = {{The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat.}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/95537/},
volume = {34},
year = {1971}
}
@book{O'Keefe1978,
abstract = {The hippocampus is functionally different from most other areas ofthe brain in that is has an innate capability of representing Euclidianspace wehein objects are related to one another independent of theobserver. ... They propose that a cognitive map is formed withinthe hippocampus which is not a picture or image which looks likewhat it represents; rather, it is an inforamtion structure from whichmap-like images can be reconstructed and from which behaviour dependentupon place information can be generated.... The hippocampus operatedas a spatiotemperoal mapping system which enables the subsequentgeneration of place hypotheses and exploratory behavior. ... motivatdby cognitive curiosity and are purported to facilitate the retrieval of context specificinforamtion as wellas to allow for adaptive behavior. ... Most other areas of thebrain ... utilize guidance and orientation hypotheses which aredependent upon specific cues and are motivated by biological needs.... This speculative model assumes that environmental cues aretranslated in the fascia dentata into appropriate schema for transmissionto the mapping system. ... This system is activated when somethingnew is encountered or something ild is missong and prompts exploratorybehavior which leads to the building of new cognitive maps. ...The spatiotemporal mapping function proposed for the hippocampuscan be used to predict behavioral changes associated with hippocampaldysfunction. ... They conclude that postlesion behavior can bestbe explained as resulting fo the loss of the cogntive map and a concomitant reliance on the guidance and orientation hypotheseswhich are elicited by specific cues. ... semantic mapping is conducted in the left hippocampus, whereas the spatial mapping system postulated for infrahumans is located in the right hippocampus},
author = {O'Keefe, J and Nadel, L},
booktitle = {Hippocampus},
isbn = {0198572069},
issn = {14691825},
number = {3},
pages = {570},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
title = {{The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map}},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oso/7347120/2010/00000001/00000001/art00006},
volume = {3},
year = {1978}
}
@article{Orekhova2007,
abstract = {An elevated excitation/inhibition ratio has been suggested as one mechanism underpinning autism. An imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition may manifest itself in electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in the high frequency range. The aim of this study was to investigate whether beta and gamma range EEG abnormalities are characteristic for young boys with autism (BWA).},
author = {Orekhova, Elena V and Stroganova, Tatiana A and Nygren, Gudrun and Tsetlin, Marina M and Posikera, Irina N and Gillberg, Christopher and Elam, Mikael},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.029},
issn = {00063223},
journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
keywords = {autistic disorder,autistic disorder diagnosis,autistic disorder physiopathology,beta rhythm,brain mapping,cerebral cortex,cerebral cortex physiopathology,child,cortical synchronization,electroencephalography,humans,male,nonparametric,preschool,russia,statistics},
number = {9},
pages = {1022--9},
pmid = {17543897},
title = {{Excess of high frequency electroencephalogram oscillations in boys with autism.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17543897},
volume = {62},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Pastoll2012,
abstract = {The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is an increasingly important focus for investigation of mechanisms for spatial representation. Grid cells found in layer II of the MEC are likely to be stellate cells, which form a major projection to the dentate gyrus. Entorhinal stellate cells are distinguished by distinct intrinsic electrophysiological properties, but how these properties contribute to representation of space is not yet clear. Here, we review the ionic conductances, synaptic, and excitable properties of stellate cells, and examine their implications for models of grid firing fields. We discuss why existing data are inconsistent with models of grid fields that require stellate cells to generate periodic oscillations. An alternative possibility is that the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of stellate cells are tuned specifically to control integration of synaptic input. We highlight recent evidence that the dorsal-ventral organization of synaptic integration by stellate cells, through differences in currents mediated by HCN and leak potassium channels, influences the corresponding organization of grid fields. Because accurate cellular data will be important for distinguishing mechanisms for generation of grid fields, we introduce new data comparing properties measured with whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp recordings. We find that clustered patterns of action potential firing and the action potential after-hyperpolarization (AHP) are particularly sensitive to recording condition. Nevertheless, with both methods, these properties, resting membrane properties and resonance follow a dorsal-ventral organization. Further investigation of the molecular basis for synaptic integration by stellate cells will be important for understanding mechanisms for generation of grid fields.},
author = {Pastoll, Hugh and Ramsden, Helen L and Nolan, Matthew F},
doi = {10.3389/fncir.2012.00017},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Pastoll, Ramsden, Nolan - 2012 - Intrinsic electrophysiological properties of entorhinal cortex stellate cells and their contribution to.pdf:pdf},
issn = {16625110},
journal = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits},
keywords = {grid cell,hcn,ion channel,oscillation,resonance,synaptic integration,theta},
number = {April},
pages = {1--21},
pmid = {22536175},
title = {{Intrinsic electrophysiological properties of entorhinal cortex stellate cells and their contribution to grid cell firing fields}},
url = {http://www.frontiersin.org/Neural\_Circuits/10.3389/fncir.2012.00017/abstract},
volume = {6},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sterzer2008,
abstract = {When the same visual input has conflicting interpretations, conscious perception can alternate spontaneously between each competing percept. Surprisingly, such bistable perception can be stabilized by intermittent stimulus removal, suggesting the existence of perceptual "memory" across interruptions in stimulation. The neural basis of such a process remains unknown. Here, we studied binocular rivalry, one type of bistable perception, in two linked experiments in human participants. First, we showed, in a behavioral experiment using binocular rivalry between face and grating stimuli, that the stabilizing effect of stimulus removal was specific to perceptual alternations evoked by rivalry, and did not occur following physical alternations in the absence of rivalry. We then used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity in a variable delay period of stimulus removal. Activity in the fusiform face area during the delay period following removal of rivalrous stimuli was greater following face than grating perception, whereas such a difference was absent during removal of non-rivalrous stimuli. Moreover, activity in areas of fronto-parietal regions during the delay period correlated with the degree to which individual participants tended to experience percept stabilization. Our findings suggest that percept-related activity in specialized extrastriate visual areas help to stabilize perception during perceptual conflict, and that high-level mechanisms may determine the influence of such signals on conscious perception.},
author = {Sterzer, Philipp and Rees, Geraint},
institution = {Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, UK. philipp.sterzer@charite.de},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
number = {3},
pages = {389--399},
publisher = {M I T PRESS},
title = {{A neural basis for percept stabilization in binocular rivalry.}},
url = {http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/11620/},
volume = {20},
year = {2008}
}
@article{fastspikeinter,
abstract = {‘Fast-spike’ interneurons of layer 4 mediate thalamocortical feedforward inhibition and can, with some confidence, be identified using extracellular methods. In somatosensory barrel cortex of awake rabbits, these ‘suspected inhibitory interneurons’ (SINs) have distinct receptive field properties: they respond to vibrissa displacement with very high sensitivity and temporal fidelity. However, they lack the directional specificity that is clearly seen in most of their ventrobasal thalamocortical afferents. Several lines of evidence show that layer-4 SINs receive a potent and highly convergent and divergent functional input from topographically aligned thalamocortical neurons. Whereas the unselective pooling of convergent thalamocortical inputs onto SINs generates sensitive and broadly tuned inhibitory receptive fields, the potent divergence of single thalamocortical neurons onto many SINs generates sharply synchronous (±1 ms) activity (because of coincident EPSPs). Synchronous discharge of these interneurons following thalamocortical impulses will generate a synchronous feedforward release of GABA within the barrel. Thalamocortical impulses will, therefore, generate only a brief ‘window of excitability’ during which spikes can occur in the post-synaptic targets of fast-spike interneurons. This fast, synchronous, highly sensitive and broadly tuned feed-forward inhibitory network is well suited to suppress spike generation in spiny neurons following all but the most optimal feedforward excitatory inputs.},
author = {Swadlow, Harvey A},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/13.1.25},
journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
number = {1},
pages = {25--32},
title = {{Fast-spike Interneurons and Feedforward Inhibition in Awake Sensory Neocortex}},
url = {http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/1/25.abstract},
volume = {13},
year = {2003}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011p,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011y,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011b,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011q,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{morestay,
author = {Turrigiano, Gina G},
journal = {Trends in Neurosciences},
keywords = {nn},
number = {5},
pages = {221--227},
title = {{Homeostatic Plasticity in Neuronal Networks: \{T\}he More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same}},
volume = {22},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Uhlhaas2010,
abstract = {Converging evidence from electrophysiological, physiological and anatomical studies suggests that abnormalities in the synchronized oscillatory activity of neurons may have a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neural oscillations are a fundamental mechanism for the establishment of precise temporal relationships between neuronal responses that are in turn relevant for memory, perception and consciousness. In patients with schizophrenia, the synchronization of beta- and gamma-band activity is abnormal, suggesting a crucial role for dysfunctional oscillations in the generation of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms of the disorder. Dysfunctional oscillations may arise owing to anomalies in the brain's rhythm-generating networks of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons and in cortico-cortical connections.},
author = {Uhlhaas, Peter J and Singer, Wolf},
institution = {Department of Neurophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, 60528, Germany. uhlhaas@mpihfrankfurt.mpg.de},
journal = {Nature Reviews Neuroscience},
keywords = {animals,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,cortical synchronization,cortical synchronization psychology,humans,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neurons,neurons physiology,schizophrenia,schizophrenia physiopathology},
number = {2},
pages = {100--113},
pmid = {20087360},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20087360},
volume = {11},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Allen2012,
abstract = {The activity of hippocampal pyramidal cells reflects both the current position of the animal and information related to its current behavior. Here we investigated whether single hippocampal neurons can encode several independent features defining trials during a memory task. We also tested whether task-related information is represented by partial remapping of the place cell population or, instead, via firing rate modulation of spatially stable place cells. To address these two questions, the activity of hippocampal neurons was recorded in rats performing a conditional discrimination task on a modified T-maze in which the identity of a food reward guided behavior. When the rat was on the central arm of the maze, the firing rate of pyramidal cells changed depending on two independent factors: (1) the identity of the food reward given to the animal and (2) the previous location of the animal on the maze. Importantly, some pyramidal cells encoded information relative to both factors. This trial-type specific and retrospective coding did not interfere with the spatial representation of the maze: hippocampal cells had stable place fields and their theta-phase precession profiles were unaltered during the task, indicating that trial-related information was encoded via rate remapping. During error trials, encoding of both trial- related information and spatial location was impaired. Finally, we found that pyramidal cells also encode trial-related information via rate remapping during the continuous version of the rewarded alternation task without delays. These results suggest that hippocampal neurons can encode several task-related cognitive aspects via rate remapping.},
author = {Allen, Kevin and Rawlins, J Nick P and Bannerman, David M and Csicsvari, Jozsef},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6175-11.2012},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {42},
pages = {14752--14766},
title = {{Hippocampal Place Cells Can Encode Multiple Trial-Dependent Features through Rate Remapping}},
volume = {32},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Bressloff1999,
abstract = {The maximum capacity for storage of temporal sequences in a time-summating$\backslash$nneural network is analysed within a statistical-mechanical framework.$\backslash$nEach neuron of such a network maintains an activity trace consisting$\backslash$nof a decaying sum of all previous inputs to that neuron. The maximum$\backslash$nstorage capacity is expressed as a function of the temporal correlations$\backslash$nof the local fields of the neurons and evaluated using a perturbation$\backslash$nexpansion in powers of the decay rate.},
author = {Bressloff, P C and Taylor, J G},
journal = {Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General},
number = {4},
pages = {833--842},
title = {{Temporal sequence storage capacity of time-summating neural networks}},
volume = {25},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Burgess2007,
abstract = {We expand upon our proposal that the oscillatory interference mechanism proposed for the phase precession effect in place cells underlies the grid-like firing pattern of dorsomedial entorhinal grid cells (O'Keefe and Burgess (2005) Hippocampus 15:853-866). The original one-dimensional interference model is generalized to an appropriate two-dimensional mechanism. Specifically, dendritic subunits of layer II medial entorhinal stellate cells provide multiple linear interference patterns along different directions, with their product determining the firing of the cell. Connection of appropriate speed- and direction-dependent inputs onto dendritic subunits could result from an unsupervised learning rule which maximizes postsynaptic firing (e.g. competitive learning). These inputs cause the intrinsic oscillation of subunit membrane potential to increase above theta frequency by an amount proportional to the animal's speed of running in the "preferred" direction. The phase difference between this oscillation and a somatic input at theta-frequency essentially integrates velocity so that the interference of the two oscillations reflects distance traveled in the preferred direction. The overall grid pattern is maintained in environmental location by phase reset of the grid cell by place cells receiving sensory input from the environment, and environmental boundaries in particular. We also outline possible variations on the basic model, including the generation of grid-like firing via the interaction of multiple cells rather than via multiple dendritic subunits. Predictions of the interference model are given for the frequency composition of EEG power spectra and temporal autocorrelograms of grid cell firing as functions of the speed and direction of running and the novelty of the environment.},
author = {Burgess, Neil and Barry, Caswell and O'Keefe, John},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {Dendrites,Entorhinal cortex,Hippocampus,Place cells,Stellate cells,Theta rhythm},
number = {9},
pages = {801--812},
title = {{An oscillatory interference model of grid cell firing}},
volume = {17},
year = {2007}
}
@article{Buzsaki1983,
abstract = {Rats implanted with recording and stimulating electrodes were trained to run in an activity wheel for a water reward. Unitary discharges and slow activity were recorded by a movable tungsten microelectrode and by fixed electrodes. Single cells were classified according to their spontaneous and evoked response properties as pyramidal cells, granule cells and interneurons. Unit activity, EEG and their interrelations were studied by spectral and spike-triggered averaging methods. Gradual phase-shifts of RSA were observed both in CA1 and the dentate gyrus. Movement-related RSA was correlated with a decrease in firing rate of pyramidal cells and an increase in the firing of both interneurons and granule cells. In the CA1 region pyramidal cells and interneurons fired preferentially on the negative and positive phases of the locally derived RSA, respectively. In the dentate gyrus both granule cells and interneurons discharged mainly on the positive portion of the local RSA waves, about 90?? before the CA1 pyramidal cells. Fourier analysis of the spike trains of interneurons and granule cells showed high power at RSA frequency, coherent with the concurrent EEG. Phase relations between discharges of interneurons and RSA remained unchanged following urethane anesthesia. In waking rats, atropine administration resulted in a decreased discharge of interneurons at RSA frequency, and reduced coherence with RSA. Lesions of the septum or the fimbria-fornix abolished RSA and the rhythmic discharges of the interneurons. Isolation of the entorhinal cortex (EC) from its cortical inputs did not change either EEG or neuronal firing. However, in such a preparation atropine completely abolished RSA and related rhythmicity of interneurons. During drinking and immobility but not during walking, sharp waves (SPW) of about 40-100 ms duration appeared in the EEG. SPWs were invariably accompanied by synchronous discharge of several pyramidal cells and interneurons. CA3 pyramidal cells also discharged in synchronous bursts but without local SPWs. Laminar profiles of SPWs and the field potentials evoked by stimulation of Schaffer collaterals were essentially identical. The behavior-dependent occurrence of SPWs was retained following atropine administration, septal lesion or EC isolation but was lost after fimbria-fornix-neocortex lesion or following atropine administration in EC isolated rats. In addition to relations to RSA and SPWs, interneurons were phase-locked to the fast EEG pattern (25-70 Hz). This relationship was preserved following lesions of the septum or the fimbria-fornix complex. The above findings allowed us to construct a new model of hippocampal RSA generation based on feed-forward inhibition from the septum and a direct excitation by the entorhinal input. SPWs are suggested to reflect strong synaptic activation of CA1 pyramidal cells via the Schaffer collaterals as a consequence of synchronous discharges of CA3 pyramidal neruons. Fast activity is supposed to reflect synaptic activity close to the somata of pyramidal cells and granule cells.},
author = {Buzsaki, G. and Leung, L. W S and Vanderwolf, C. H.},
journal = {Brain Research Reviews},
number = {2},
pages = {139--171},
pmid = {6357356},
title = {{Cellular bases of hippocampal EEG in the behaving rat}},
volume = {6},
year = {1983}
}
@article{Buzsaki2002,
abstract = {Theta oscillations represent the "on-line" state of the hippocampus. The extracellular currents underlying theta waves are generated mainly by the entorhinal input, CA3 (Schaffer) collaterals, and voltage-dependent Ca(2+) currents in pyramidal cell dendrites. The rhythm is believed to be critical for temporal coding/decoding of active neuronal ensembles and the modification of synaptic weights. Nevertheless, numerous critical issues regarding both the generation of theta oscillations and their functional significance remain challenges for future research.},
author = {Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00586-X},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey and Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. buzsaki@axon.rutgers.edu},
issn = {08966273},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {3},
pages = {325--340},
pmid = {11832222},
publisher = {Elsevier},
title = {{Theta Oscillations in the Hippocampus}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S089662730200586X},
volume = {33},
year = {2002}
}
@article{wakeful,
abstract = {Mammalian brains generate internal activity independent of environmental stimuli. Internally generated states may bring about distinct cortical processing modes. To investigate how brain state impacts cortical circuitry, we recorded intracellularly from the same neurons, under anesthesia and subsequent wakefulness, in rat barrel cortex. In every cell examined throughout layers 26, wakefulness produced a temporal pattern of synaptic inputs differing markedly from those under anesthesia. Recurring periods of synaptic quiescence, prominent under anesthesia, were abolished by wakefulness, which produced instead a persistently depolarized state. This switch in dynamics was unaffected by elimination of afferent synaptic input from thalamus, suggesting that arousal alters cortical dynamics by neuromodulators acting directly on cortex. Indeed, blockade of noradrenergic, but not cholinergic, pathways induced synaptic quiescence during wakefulness. We conclude that global brain states can switch local recurrent networks into different regimes via direct neuromodulation. º Arousal transforms the temporal pattern of synaptic inputs to cortical neurons º This transformation does not require long-range inputs, such as from thalamus º Acetylcholine is not required but does modulate sensory responses º Norepinephrine is critical to the arousal-mediated switch in local cortical dynamics.},
author = {Constantinople, Christine M and Bruno, Randy M},
journal = {Neuron},
month = mar,
number = {6},
pages = {1061--1068},
publisher = {Cell Press,},
title = {{Effects and Mechanisms of Wakefulness on Local Cortical Networks}},
url = {http://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(11)00162-0},
volume = {69},
year = {2011}
}
@article{retwav,
author = {Et al, Matthias H Hennig},
doi = {10.1523/​JNEUROSCI.3112-11.2011},
journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
pages = {12159--12164},
title = {{Age-dependent Homeostatic Plasticity of GABAergic Signaling in Developing Retinal Networks}},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Evans1993,
abstract = {Recently, there has been a rapid growth in the use of 3D multi-modal correlative imaging for studies of the human brain. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes indicate brain areas involved in stimulus processing. These focal changes are often too small (<10\%) to be discerned from a single subject and the experiment is repeated in a series of individuals. To investigate the extent of residual variability the authors have collected over 300 MRI volumetric datasets from normal individuals and transformed these datasets into stereotaxic space using a 3D linear re-sampling algorithm. The authors then generated a series of statistical measures which express this population nonlinear variability in the form of parametric volumes, e.g. mean intensity, intensity variance. A model for anatomical variability, expressed as the width of a Gaussian blurring kernel applied to an ideal single subject, was developed and tested against the observed data},
author = {Evans, A C and Collins, D L and Mills, S R and Brown, E D and Kelly, R L and Peters, T M},
doi = {10.1109/NSSMIC.1993.373602},
editor = {Klaisner, Lowell},
isbn = {0780314875},
journal = {Construction},
number = {31},
pages = {1813--1817},
publisher = {IEEE},
title = {{3D statistical neuroanatomical models from 305 MRI volumes}},
url = {http://www.ece.uvic.ca/~btill/papers/learning/Evans\_etal\_1993.pdf},
volume = {3},
year = {1993}
}
@article{Fell2001,
abstract = {In humans, distinct processes within the hippocampus and rhinal cortex support declarative memory formation. But do these medial temporal lobe (MTL) substructures directly cooperate in encoding new memories? Phase synchronization of gamma-band electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations (around 40 Hz) is a general mechanism of transiently connecting neural assemblies. We recorded depth-EEG from within the MTL of epilepsy patients performing a memorization task. Successful as opposed to unsuccessful memory formation was accompanied by an initial elevation of rhinal-hippocampal gamma synchronization followed by a later desynchronization, suggesting that effective declarative memory formation is accompanied by a direct and temporarily limited cooperation between both MTL substructures.},
author = {Fell, J and Klaver, P and Lehnertz, K and Grunwald, T and Schaller, C and Elger, C E and Fern\'{a}ndez, G},
institution = {Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. juergen.fell@meb.uni-bonn.de},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,adult,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,cortical synchronization,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex anatomy \& histology,entorhinal cortex physiology,epilepsy,female,hippocampus,hippocampus anatomy \& histology,hippocampus physiology,humans,magnetic resonance angiography,male,memory,memory disorders,memory disorders etiology,memory disorders physiopathology,memory disorders psychology,memory physiology,neural pathways,neural pathways anatomy \& histology,neural pathways physiology,neurons,neurons physiology,neuropsychological tests,synaptic transmission,synaptic transmission physiology,temporal lobe,temporal lobe physiopathology,temporal lobe psychology,verbal behavior,verbal behavior physiology},
number = {12},
pages = {1259--1264},
pmid = {11694886},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Human memory formation is accompanied by rhinal-hippocampal coupling and decoupling.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694886},
volume = {4},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Geisler2010,
abstract = {Driven either by external landmarks or by internal dynamics, hippocampal neurons form sequences of cell assemblies. The coordinated firing of these active cells is organized by the prominent "theta" oscillations in the local field potential (LFP): place cells discharge at progressively earlier theta phases as the rat crosses the respective place field ("phase precession"). The faster oscillation frequency of active neurons and the slower theta LFP, underlying phase precession, creates a paradox. How can faster oscillating neurons comprise a slower population oscillation, as reflected by the LFP? We built a mathematical model that allowed us to calculate the population activity analytically from experimentally derived parameters of the single neuron oscillation frequency, firing field size (duration), and the relationship between within-theta delays of place cell pairs and their distance representations ("compression"). The appropriate combination of these parameters generated a constant frequency population rhythm along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus, while allowing individual neurons to vary their oscillation frequency and field size. Our results suggest that the faster-than-theta oscillations of pyramidal cells are inherent and that phase precession is a result of the coordinated activity of temporally shifted cell assemblies, relative to the population activity, reflected by the LFP.},
author = {Geisler, Caroline and Diba, Kamran and Pastalkova, Eva and Mizuseki, Kenji and Royer, Sebastien and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. caroline.geisler@cin.uni-tuebingen.de},
journal = {PNAS},
number = {17},
pages = {7957--7962},
pmid = {20375279},
title = {{Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of population theta oscillations in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375279},
volume = {107},
year = {2010}
}
@book{Gibson1950,
abstract = {The principal subject of this book is the visual perception of space. Chapters cover theories of perception, the visual field and visual world, formation of retinal images, a psychophysical theory of perception, stimulus variables for visual depth and distance, size and shape constancy, geometrical space and form, mean, learning, and spatial behavior. 121 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)},
author = {Gibson, J J},
booktitle = {The British Journal of Psychiatry},
doi = {10.1192/bjp.98.413.717-a},
isbn = {0837178363},
issn = {00071250},
number = {413},
pages = {19510701--19510701},
publisher = {Houghton Mifflin},
title = {{The perception of the visual world}},
url = {http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/doi/10.1192/bjp.98.413.717-a},
volume = {98},
year = {1950}
}
@article{Harris2002,
abstract = {According to the temporal coding hypothesis, neurons encode information by the exact timing of spikes. An example of temporal coding is the hippocampal phase precession phenomenon, in which the timing of pyramidal cell spikes relative to the theta rhythm shows a unidirectional forward precession during spatial behaviour. Here we show that phase precession occurs in both spatial and non-spatial behaviours. We found that spike phase correlated with instantaneous discharge rate, and processed unidirectionally at high rates, regardless of behaviour. The spatial phase precession phenomenon is therefore a manifestation of a more fundamental principle governing the timing of pyramidal cell discharge. We suggest that intrinsic properties of pyramidal cells have a key role in determining spike times, and that the interplay between the magnitude of dendritic excitation and rhythmic inhibition of the somatic region is responsible for the phase assignment of spikes.},
author = {Harris, Kenneth D and Henze, Darrell A and Hirase, Hajime and Leinekugel, Xavier and Dragoi, George and Czurk\'{o}, Andras and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.1038/nature00808},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 197 University Avenue, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA.},
isbn = {0028-0836 (Print)$\backslash$r0028-0836 (Linking)},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {6890},
pages = {738--741},
pmid = {12066184},
title = {{Spike train dynamics predicts theta-related phase precession in hippocampal pyramidal cells.}},
volume = {417},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Kleinfeld1986,
abstract = {Sequential patterns of neural output activity form the basis of many biological processes, such as the cyclic pattern of outputs that control locomotion. I show how such sequences can be generated by a class of model neural networks that make defined sets of transitions between selected memory states. Sequence-generating networks depend upon the interplay between two sets of synaptic connections. One set acts to stabilize the network in its current memory state, while the second set, whose action is delayed in time, causes the network to make specified transitions between the memories. The dynamic properties of these networks are described in terms of motion along an energy surface. The performance of the networks, both with intact connections and with noisy or missing connections, is illustrated by numerical examples. In addition, I present a scheme for the recognition of externally generated sequences by these networks.},
author = {Kleinfeld, D.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.83.24.9469},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {PNAS},
number = {24},
pages = {9469--9473},
pmid = {3467316},
title = {{Sequential State Generation by Model Neural Networks}},
volume = {83},
year = {1986}
}
@article{Leibold2006,
abstract = {The CA3 region of the hippocampus is a recurrent neural network that is essential for the storage and replay of sequences of patterns that represent behavioral events. Here we present a theoretical framework to calculate a sparsely connected network's capacity to store such sequences. As in CA3, only a limited subset of neurons in the network is active at any one time, pattern retrieval is subject to error, and the resources for plasticity are limited. Our analysis combines an analytical mean field approach, stochastic dynamics, and cellular simulations of a time-discrete McCulloch-Pitts network with binary synapses. To maximize the number of sequences that can be stored in the network, we concurrently optimize the number of active neurons, that is, pattern size, and the firing threshold. We find that for one-step associations (i.e., minimal sequences), the optimal pattern size is inversely proportional to the mean connectivity c, whereas the optimal firing threshold is independent of the connectivity. If the number of synapses per neuron is fixed, the maximum number P of stored sequences in a sufficiently large, nonmodular network is independent of its number N of cells. On the other hand, if the number of synapses scales as the network size to the power of 3/2, the number of sequences P is proportional to N. In other words, sequential memory is scalable. Furthermore, we find that there is an optimal ratio r between silent and nonsilent synapses at which the storage capacity alpha = P//[c(1 + r)N] assumes a maximum. For long sequences, the capacity of sequential memory is about one order of magnitude below the capacity for minimal sequences, but otherwise behaves similar to the case of minimal sequences. In a biologically inspired scenario, the information content per synapse is far below theoretical optimality, suggesting that the brain trades off error tolerance against information content in encoding sequential memories.},
author = {Leibold, Christian and Kempter, Richard},
doi = {10.1162/neco.2006.18.4.904},
institution = {Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universit\"{a}t zu Berlin, Germany. c.leibold@biologie.hu-berlin.de},
issn = {0899-7667},
journal = {Neural computation},
number = {4},
pages = {904--941},
pmid = {16494695},
title = {{Memory capacity for sequences in a recurrent network with biological constraints.}},
volume = {18},
year = {2006}
}
@article{Leung2011,
abstract = {A hippocampal place cell fires at an increasingly earlier phase in relation to the extracellular theta rhythm as a rodent moves through the place field. The present report presents a compartment model of a CA1 pyramidal cell that explains the increase in amplitude and the phase precession of intracellular theta oscillations, with the assumption that the cell receives an asymmetric ramp depolarization (<10 mV) in the place field and rhythmic inhibitory and/or excitatory synaptic driving. Intracellular subthreshold membrane potential oscillations (MPOs) increase in amplitude and frequency, and show phase precession within the place field. Theta phase precession and MPO power and frequency increase in the place field are caused by a shift in excitatory-inhibitory response, intrinsic theta-frequency resonance, and intrinsic oscillations that depend on voltage-dependent persistent Na(+) and slowly inactivating K(+) currents, but not on I(h). Phase precession is diminished when theta-frequency resonance is decreased. Simulated spikes fire near the peak of MPOs and precess similarly as the MPOs. The phase of the MPOs/spikes codes for distance in a one-dimensional place field, and phase precession is only weakly dependent on firing rate, running speed, or the duration needed to cross the place field. In addition, phase precession within the place field resumes quickly after disruption by maximal afferent pulse stimulation.},
author = {Leung, L Stan},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0586-11.2011},
institution = {Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada.},
isbn = {0270-6474},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {34},
pages = {12282--12296},
pmid = {21865471},
title = {{A model of intracellular theta phase precession dependent on intrinsic subthreshold membrane currents.}},
volume = {31},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Masquelier2009,
abstract = {Recent experiments have established that information can be encoded in the spike times of neurons relative to the phase of a background oscillation in the local field potential-a phenomenon referred to as "phase-of-firing coding" (PoFC). These firing phase preferences could result from combining an oscillation in the input current with a stimulus-dependent static component that would produce the variations in preferred phase, but it remains unclear whether these phases are an epiphenomenon or really affect neuronal interactions-only then could they have a functional role. Here we show that PoFC has a major impact on downstream learning and decoding with the now well established spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). To be precise, we demonstrate with simulations how a single neuron equipped with STDP robustly detects a pattern of input currents automatically encoded in the phases of a subset of its afferents, and repeating at random intervals. Remarkably, learning is possible even when only a small fraction of the afferents ( approximately 10\%) exhibits PoFC. The ability of STDP to detect repeating patterns had been noted before in continuous activity, but it turns out that oscillations greatly facilitate learning. A benchmark with more conventional rate-based codes demonstrates the superiority of oscillations and PoFC for both STDP-based learning and the speed of decoding: the oscillation partially formats the input spike times, so that they mainly depend on the current input currents, and can be efficiently learned by STDP and then recognized in just one oscillation cycle. This suggests a major functional role for oscillatory brain activity that has been widely reported experimentally.},
author = {Masquelier, Timoth\'{e}e and Hugues, Etienne and Deco, Gustavo and Thorpe, Simon J},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2207-09.2009},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Masquelier et al. - 2009 - Oscillations, phase-of-firing coding, and spike timing-dependent plasticity an efficient learning scheme.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Algorithms,Animals,Computer Simulation,Humans,Information Theory,Learning,Learning: physiology,Nerve Net,Neuronal Plasticity,Neuronal Plasticity: physiology,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Periodicity,Poisson Distribution,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Time Factors},
month = oct,
number = {43},
pages = {13484--93},
pmid = {19864561},
title = {{Oscillations, phase-of-firing coding, and spike timing-dependent plasticity: an efficient learning scheme.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19864561},
volume = {29},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Oostenveld2011,
abstract = {This paper describes FieldTrip, an open source software package that we developed for the analysis of MEG, EEG, and other electrophysiological data. The software is implemented as a MATLAB toolbox and includes a complete set of consistent and user-friendly high-level functions that allow experimental neuroscientists to analyze experimental data. It includes algorithms for simple and advanced analysis, such as time-frequency analysis using multitapers, source reconstruction using dipoles, distributed sources and beamformers, connectivity analysis, and nonparametric statistical permutation tests at the channel and source level. The implementation as toolbox allows the user to perform elaborate and structured analyses of large data sets using the MATLAB command line and batch scripting. Furthermore, users and developers can easily extend the functionality and implement new algorithms. The modular design facilitates the reuse in other software packages.},
author = {Oostenveld, Robert and Fries, Pascal and Maris, Eric and Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Oostenveld et al. - 2011 - FieldTrip Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. r.oostenveld@donders.ru.nl},
journal = {Computational intelligence and neuroscience},
number = {3},
pages = {156869},
pmid = {21253357},
publisher = {Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
title = {{FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3021840\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {2011},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Patel2012,
abstract = {A topographical relationship exists between the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex and the neocortex. However, it is not known how these anatomical connections are utilized during information exchange and behavior. We recorded theta oscillations along the entire extent of the septotemporal axis of the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. While the frequency of theta oscillation remained same along the entire long axis, the amplitude and coherence between recording sites decreased from dorsal to ventral hippocampus (VH). Theta phase shifted monotonically with distance along the longitudinal axis, reaching ∼180° between the septal and temporal poles. The majority of concurrently recorded units were phase-locked to the local field theta at all dorsoventral segments. The power of VH theta had only a weak correlation with locomotion velocity, and its amplitude varied largely independently from theta in the dorsal part. Thus, theta oscillations can temporally combine or segregate neocortical representations along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus.},
author = {Patel, Jagdish and Fujisawa, Shigeyoshi and Ber\'{e}nyi, Antal and Royer, S\'{e}bastien and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.015},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Patel et al. - 2012 - Traveling theta waves along the entire septotemporal axis of the hippocampus.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1097-4199},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {Animals,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: physiology,Male,Rats,Rats, Long-Evans,Theta Rhythm,Theta Rhythm: physiology},
month = aug,
number = {3},
pages = {410--7},
pmid = {22884325},
title = {{Traveling theta waves along the entire septotemporal axis of the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884325},
volume = {75},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Pinel2001,
abstract = {The time to compare two numbers shows additive effects of number notation and of semantic distance, suggesting that the comparison task can be decomposed into distinct stages of identification and semantic processing. Using event-related fMRI and high-density ERPs, we isolated cerebral areas where activation was influenced by input notation (verbal or Arabic notation). The bilateral extrastriate cortices and a left precentral region were more activated during verbal than during Arabic stimulation, while the right fusiform gyrus and a set of bilateral inferoparietal and frontal regions were more activated during Arabic than during verbal stimulation. We also identified areas that were influenced solely by the semantic content of the stimuli (numerical distance between numbers to be compared) independent of the input notation. Activation tightly correlated with numerical distance was observed mainly in a group of parietal areas distributed bilaterally along the intraparietal sulci and in the precuneus, as well as in the left middle temporal gyrus and posterior cingulate. Our results support the assumption of a central semantic representation of numerical quantity that relies on a common parietal network shared among notations.},
author = {Pinel, P and Dehaene, S and Rivi\`{e}re, D and LeBihan, D},
doi = {10.1006/nimg.2001.0913},
issn = {1053-8119},
journal = {NeuroImage},
keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Brain Mapping,Dominance, Cerebral,Dominance, Cerebral: physiology,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Female,Gyrus Cinguli,Gyrus Cinguli: physiology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Problem Solving,Problem Solving: physiology,Reference Values,Semantics,Temporal Lobe,Temporal Lobe: physiology},
month = nov,
number = {5},
pages = {1013--26},
pmid = {11697933},
title = {{Modulation of parietal activation by semantic distance in a number comparison task.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11697933},
volume = {14},
year = {2001}
}
@article{Pouille2004,
abstract = {Recurrent inhibitory loops are simple neuronal circuits found in the central nervous system, yet little is known about the physiological rules governing their activity. Here we use simultaneous somatic and dendritic recordings in rat hippocampal slices to show that during a series of action potentials in pyramidal cells recurrent inhibition rapidly shifts from their soma to the apical dendrites. Two distinct inhibitory circuits are sequentially recruited to produce this shift: one, time-locked with submillisecond precision to the onset of the action potential series, transiently inhibits the somatic and perisomatic regions of pyramidal cells; the other, activated in proportion to the rate of action potentials in the series, durably inhibits the distal apical dendrites. These two operating modes result from the synergy between pre- and postsynaptic properties of excitatory synapses onto recurrent inhibitory neurons with distinct projection patterns. Thus, the onset of a series of action potentials and the rate of action potentials in the series are selectively captured and transformed into different spatial patterns of recurrent inhibition.},
author = {Pouille, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric and Scanziani, Massimo},
doi = {10.1038/nature02615},
institution = {Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0357, USA.},
issn = {14764687},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,dendrites,dendrites physiology,electrophysiology,excitatory postsynaptic potentials,excitatory postsynaptic potentials physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,interneurons,interneurons physiology,rats,wistar},
number = {6993},
pages = {717--23},
pmid = {15170216},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Routing of spike series by dynamic circuits in the hippocampus.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15170216},
volume = {429},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Rees2009,
abstract = {New work shows that spatial attention modulates visual responses of single neurons in monkey thalamus, providing empirical support for a long-standing theoretical prediction that specific thalamic nuclei play a key role in controlling the spotlight of visual attention.},
author = {Rees, Geraint},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.011},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rees - 2009 - Visual attention the thalamus at the centre.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1879-0445},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
keywords = {Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Fixation, Ocular,Haplorhini,Humans,Macaca fascicularis,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Thalamus,Thalamus: anatomy \& histology,Thalamus: physiology,Visual Fields,Visual Pathways,Visual Pathways: anatomy \& histology,Visual Pathways: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
month = mar,
number = {5},
pages = {R213--4},
pmid = {19278639},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Visual attention: the thalamus at the centre?}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19278639},
volume = {19},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Reiss1991,
abstract = {Direct storage of temporal sequences is analysed in terms of a neural net composed of leaky integrator neurons with a range of time constants. These neurons store previously presented patterns and allow the transitions between the patterns of a sequence to be learnt. This is shown even to lead to disambiguation (which is defined in Section 1). Storage capacity is determined by simulation. We also present a detailed study of the efficiency of this system in its dependence on the type of neuronal activity. Finally, we note the relevance of our model to understanding activity in the hippocampus.},
author = {Reiss, Michael and Taylor, John G.},
journal = {Neural Networks},
number = {6},
pages = {773--787},
title = {{Storing temporal sequences}},
volume = {4},
year = {1991}
}
@article{Royer2012,
abstract = {A consortium of inhibitory neurons control the firing patterns of pyramidal cells, but their specific roles in the behaving animal are largely unknown. We performed simultaneous physiological recordings and optogenetic silencing of either perisomatic (parvalbumin (PV) expressing) or dendrite-targeting (somatostatin (SOM) expressing) interneurons in hippocampal area CA1 of head-fixed mice actively moving a treadmill belt rich with visual-tactile stimuli. Silencing of either PV or SOM interneurons increased the firing rates of pyramidal cells selectively in their place fields, with PV and SOM interneurons having their largest effect during the rising and decaying parts of the place field, respectively. SOM interneuron silencing powerfully increased burst firing without altering the theta phase of spikes. In contrast, PV interneuron silencing had no effect on burst firing, but instead shifted the spikes' theta phase toward the trough of theta. These findings indicate that perisomatic and dendritic inhibition have distinct roles in controlling the rate, burst and timing of hippocampal pyramidal cells.},
author = {Royer, S\'{e}bastien and Zemelman, Boris V and Losonczy, Attila and Kim, Jinhyun and Chance, Frances and Magee, Jeffrey C and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
doi = {10.1038/nn.3077},
isbn = {1546-1726 (Electronic)$\backslash$r1097-6256 (Linking)},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
number = {5},
pages = {769--775},
pmid = {22446878},
title = {{Control of timing, rate and bursts of hippocampal place cells by dendritic and somatic inhibition}},
volume = {15},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Sadaghiani2010,
abstract = {Ongoing brain activity has been observed since the earliest neurophysiological recordings and is found over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. It is characterized by remarkably large spontaneous modulations. Here, we review evidence for the functional role of these ongoing activity fluctuations and argue that they constitute an essential property of the neural architecture underlying cognition. The role of spontaneous activity fluctuations is probably best understood when considering both their spatiotemporal structure and their functional impact on cognition. We first briefly argue against a segregationist view on ongoing activity, both in time and space, which would selectively associate certain frequency bands or levels of spatial organization with specific functional roles. Instead, we emphasize the functional importance of the full range, from differentiation to integration, of intrinsic activity within a hierarchical spatiotemporal structure. We then highlight the flexibility and context-sensitivity of intrinsic functional connectivity that suggest its involvement in functionally relevant information processing. This role in information processing is pursued by reviewing how ongoing brain activity interacts with afferent and efferent information exchange of the brain with its environment. We focus on the relationship between the variability of ongoing and evoked brain activity, and review recent reports that tie ongoing brain activity fluctuations to variability in human perception and behavior. Finally, these observations are discussed within the framework of the free-energy principle which applied to human brain function provides a theoretical account for a non-random, coordinated interaction of ongoing and evoked activity in perception and behavior.},
author = {Sadaghiani, Sepideh and Hesselmann, Guido and Friston, Karl J and Kleinschmidt, Andreas},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sadaghiani et al. - 2010 - The Relation of Ongoing Brain Activity, Evoked Neural Responses, and Cognition.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Institut National de la Sant\'{e} et de la Recherche M\'{e}dicale Unit\'{e} 992 Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit Gif-sur-Yvette, France.},
journal = {Frontiers in systems neuroscience},
keywords = {fluctuations,fmri,intrinsic functional connectivity,ongoing activity,prestimulus activity,resting state functional connectivity,spontaneous activity,variability},
number = {June},
pages = {14},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
title = {{The Relation of Ongoing Brain Activity, Evoked Neural Responses, and Cognition}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631840},
volume = {4},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Schreiber2000,
abstract = {An information theoretic measure is derived that quantifies the statistical coherence between systems evolving in time. The standard time delayed mutual information fails to distinguish information that is actually exchanged from shared information due to common history and input signals. In our new approach, these influences are excluded by appropriate conditioning of transition probabilities. The resulting transfer entropy is able to distinguish driving and responding elements and to detect asymmetry in the coupling of subsystems.},
author = {Schreiber, Thomas},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schreiber - 2000 - Measuring Information Transfer.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany.},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = {2},
pages = {4},
publisher = {APS},
title = {{Measuring Information Transfer}},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/nlin/0001042},
volume = {85},
year = {2000}
}
@book{Shannon1949,
abstract = {A conception of information where probabilities can be assigned coherently only insofar as information content can be described determinately (in propositional form)},
author = {Shannon, C E and Weaver, W},
booktitle = {The mathematical theory of communication},
chapter = {117},
doi = {10.2307/3611062},
editor = {Shannon, C E and Weaver, W},
institution = {Illinois University},
isbn = {0252725484},
issn = {07246811},
number = {4},
pages = {117},
pmid = {9230594},
publisher = {University of Illinois Press},
series = {The Mathematical Theory of Communication},
title = {{The Mathematical Theory of Communication}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9230594},
volume = {27},
year = {1949}
}
@article{Singer1999,
author = {Singer, Wolf},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Singer - 1999 - Neuronal Synchrony A Versatile Code for the Definition of Relations.pdf:pdf},
pages = {49--65},
title = {{Neuronal Synchrony: A Versatile Code for the Definition of Relations?}},
volume = {24},
year = {1999}
}
@article{Tetzlaff2012,
abstract = {Correlations in spike-train ensembles can seriously impair the encoding of information by their spatio-temporal structure. An inevitable source of correlation in finite neural networks is common presynaptic input to pairs of neurons. Recent theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that spike correlations in recurrent neural networks are considerably smaller than expected based on the amount of shared presynaptic input. By means of a linear network model and simulations of networks of leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, we show that shared-input correlations are efficiently suppressed by inhibitory feedback. To elucidate the effect of feedback, we compare the responses of the intact recurrent network and systems where the statistics of the feedback channel is perturbed. The suppression of spike-train correlations and population-rate fluctuations by inhibitory feedback can be observed both in purely inhibitory and in excitatory-inhibitory networks. The effect is fully understood by a linear theory and becomes already apparent at the macroscopic level of the population averaged activity. At the microscopic level, shared-input correlations are suppressed by spike-train correlations: In purely inhibitory networks, they are canceled by negative spike-train correlations. In excitatory-inhibitory networks, spike-train correlations are typically positive. Here, the suppression of input correlations is not a result of the mere existence of correlations between excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurons, but a consequence of a particular structure of correlations among the three possible pairings (EE, EI, II).},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {1204.4393v2},
author = {Tetzlaff, Tom and Helias, Moritz and Einevoll, Gaute T and Diesmann, Markus},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002596},
editor = {Brunel, Nicolas},
eprint = {1204.4393v2},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tetzlaff et al. - 2012 - Decorrelation of Neural-Network Activity by Inhibitory Feedback.pdf:pdf},
issn = {15537358},
journal = {PLoS Computational Biology},
number = {8},
pages = {e1002596},
title = {{Decorrelation of Neural-Network Activity by Inhibitory Feedback}},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002596},
volume = {8},
year = {2012}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011j,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011h,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Thurley2013,
abstract = {Rodent brains encode space in both the firing rate and the spike timing of neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex. The rate code is realized by grid fields, that is, the neurons fire at multiple places that are arranged on a hexagonal lattice. Such activity is accompanied by theta oscillations of the local field potential. The phase of spikes thereby encodes space as well, since it decreases with the distance traveled in the field-a phenomenon called phase precession. A likely candidate for grid cells are entorhinal cortex stellate cells, which are type II oscillators and have been suggested to act as pacemakers. It is unclear how spiking of such putative pacemaker neurons would be able to precess in phase relative to a self-generated oscillation. This article presents a computational model of how this paradox can be resolved although the periodicity of the grid fields interferes with the periodic firing of the neurons. Our simulations show that the connections between stellate cells synchronize small cell groups, which allows a population oscillation during grid field activity that is accompanied by theta phase precession. Direct excitatory coupling between the stellate cells, indirect inhibitory coupling via a gamma-oscillating network of interneurons, or both could mediate this phase coordination. Our model further suggests modulation of h-currents to be a feasible mechanism to adjust phase precession to running-speed. The coexistence of rate and timing code for space hence follows as a natural consequence of the self-organization in a recurrent network. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
author = {Thurley, Kay and Hellmundt, Franziska and Leibold, Christian},
doi = {10.1002/hipo.22133},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Thurley, Hellmundt, Leibold - 2013 - Phase precession of grid cells in a network model without external pacemaker.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1098-1063},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {computational,entorhinal cortex,grid cells,phase precession},
month = apr,
number = {01},
pmid = {23576429},
title = {{Phase precession of grid cells in a network model without external pacemaker.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23576429},
volume = {0440},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Tsodyks1996,
abstract = {O'Keefe and Recce (1993 Hippocampus 68:317-330) have observed that the spatially selective firing of pyramidal cells in the CA1 field of the rat hippocampus tends to advance to earlier phases of the electroencephalogram theta rhythm as a rat passes through the place field of a cell. We present here a neural network model based on integrate- and-fire neurons that accounts for this effect. In this model, place selectivity in the hippocampus is a consequence of synaptic interactions between pyramidal neurons together with weakly selective external input. The phase shift of neuronal spiking arises in the model as result of asymmetric spread of activation through the network, caused by asymmetry in the synaptic interactions. Several experimentally observed properties of the phase shift effect follow naturally from the model, including 1) the observation that the first spikes a cell fires appear near the theta phase corresponding to minimal population activity, 2) the overall advance is less than 360 degrees, and 3) the location of the rat within the place field of the cell is the primary correlate of the firing phase, not the time the rat has been in the field. The model makes several predictions concerning the emergence of place fields during the earliest stages of exploration in a novel environment. It also suggests new experiments that could provide further constraints on a possible explanation of the phase precession effect.},
author = {Tsodyks, M V and Skaggs, W E and Sejnowski, T J and McNaughton, B L},
institution = {Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.},
journal = {Hippocampus},
keywords = {animals,electrophysiology,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,models,neural networks (computer),neurological,neurons,neurons physiology,orientation,orientation physiology,population dynamics,rats,theta rhythm},
number = {3},
pages = {271--280},
pmid = {8841826},
publisher = {Wiley Online Library},
title = {{Population dynamics and theta rhythm phase precession of hippocampal place cell firing: a spiking neuron model.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8841826},
volume = {6},
year = {1996}
}
@article{VanDerMeer2010,
abstract = {A vast literature implicates the ventral striatum in the processing of reward-related information and in mediating the impact of such information on behavior. It is characterized by heterogeneity at the local circuit, connectivity, and functional levels. A tool for dissecting this complex structure that has received relatively little attention until recently is the analysis of ventral striatal local field potential oscillations, which are more prominent in the gamma band compared to the dorsal striatum. Here we review recent results on gamma oscillations recorded from freely moving rats. Ventral striatal gamma separates into distinct frequency bands (gamma-50 and gamma-80) with distinct behavioral correlates, relationships to different inputs, and separate populations of phase-locked putative fast-spiking interneurons. Fast switching between gamma-50 and gamma-80 occurs spontaneously but is influenced by reward delivery as well as the application of dopaminergic drugs. These results provide novel insights into ventral striatal processing and highlight the importance of considering fast-timescale dynamics of ventral striatal activity.},
author = {{Van Der Meer}, Matthijs A A and Kalenscher, Tobias and Lansink, Carien S and Pennartz, Cyriel M A and Berke, Joshua D and Redish, A David},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Van Der Meer et al. - 2010 - Integrating Early Results on Ventral Striatal Gamma Oscillations in the Rat.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
keywords = {fast spiking interneuron,local field potential,nucleus accumbens,phase locking,tetrode recording},
number = {September},
pages = {12},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
title = {{Integrating Early Results on Ventral Striatal Gamma Oscillations in the Rat}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2950974\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {4},
year = {2010}
}
@article{VanDijk2008,
abstract = {Although the resting and baseline states of the human electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) are dominated by oscillations in the alpha band (approximately 10 Hz), the functional role of these oscillations remains unclear. In this study we used MEG to investigate how spontaneous oscillations in humans presented before visual stimuli modulate visual perception. Subjects had to report if there was a subtle difference in gray levels between two superimposed presented discs. We then compared the prestimulus brain activity for correctly (hits) versus incorrectly (misses) identified stimuli. We found that visual discrimination ability decreased with an increase in prestimulus alpha power. Given that reaction times did not vary systematically with prestimulus alpha power changes in vigilance are not likely to explain the change in discrimination ability. Source reconstruction using spatial filters allowed us to identify the brain areas accounting for this effect. The dominant sources modulating visual perception were localized around the parieto-occipital sulcus. We suggest that the parieto-occipital alpha power reflects functional inhibition imposed by higher level areas, which serves to modulate the gain of the visual stream.},
author = {{Van Dijk}, Hanneke and Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs and Oostenveld, Robert and Jensen, Ole},
institution = {F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
keywords = {adult,alpha rhythm,alpha rhythm methods,biological clocks,biological clocks physiology,discrimination learning,discrimination learning physiology,female,forecasting,humans,magnetoencephalography,magnetoencephalography methods,male,photic stimulation,photic stimulation methods,psychomotor performance,psychomotor performance physiology,reaction time,reaction time physiology,visual perception,visual perception physiology},
number = {8},
pages = {1816--1823},
pmid = {18287498},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Prestimulus oscillatory activity in the alpha band predicts visual discrimination ability.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18287498},
volume = {28},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Series2007,
author = {Arieli, Amos and Sterkin, Alexander and Grinvald, Amiran and Aertsen, Ad},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Arieli et al. - 1996 - Dynamics of Ongoing Activity Explanation of the Large Variability in Evoked Cortical Responses.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
pages = {1868--1871},
title = {{Dynamics of Ongoing Activity : Explanation of the Large Variability in Evoked Cortical Responses}},
volume = {273},
year = {1996}
}
@article{Chance2012,
abstract = {Phase precession is a well known phenomenon in which a hippocampal place cell will fire action potentials at successively earlier phases (relative to the theta-band oscillations recorded in the local field potential) as an animal moves through the cell's receptive field (also known as a place field). We present a model in which CA1 pyramidal cell spiking is driven by dual input components arising from CA3 and EC3. The receptive fields of these two input components overlap but are offset in space from each other such that as the animal moves through the model place field, action potentials are driven first by the CA3 input component and then the EC3 input component. As CA3 synaptic input is known to arrive in CA1 at a later theta phase than EC3 input (Mizuseki et al., 2009; Montgomery et al., 2009), CA1 spiking advances in phase as the model transitions from CA3-driven spiking to EC3-driven spiking. Here spike phase is a function of animal location, placing our results in agreement with many experimental observations characterizing CA1 phase precession (O'Keefe and Recce, 1993; Huxter et al., 2003; Geisler et al., 2007). We predict that experimental manipulations that dramatically enhance or disrupt activity in either of these areas should have a significant effect on phase precession observed in CA1.},
author = {Chance, Frances S},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2786-12.2012},
issn = {15292401},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,algorithms,animals,ca1 region,ca3 region,computer simulation,electric stimulation,electroencephalography,electrophysiological phenomena,entorhinal cortex,entorhinal cortex physiology,environment,hippocampal,hippocampal cytology,hippocampal physiology,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,membrane potentials,membrane potentials physiology,mice,models,neurological,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,synapses,synapses physiology,theta rhythm,theta rhythm physiology},
number = {47},
pages = {16693--703a},
pmid = {23175823},
title = {{Hippocampal phase precession from dual input components.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23175823},
volume = {32},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Ecker2010,
abstract = {Correlated trial-to-trial variability in the activity of cortical neurons is thought to reflect the functional connectivity of the circuit. Many cortical areas are organized into functional columns, in which neurons are believed to be densely connected and to share common input. Numerous studies report a high degree of correlated variability between nearby cells. We developed chronically implanted multitetrode arrays offering unprecedented recording quality to reexamine this question in the primary visual cortex of awake macaques. We found that even nearby neurons with similar orientation tuning show virtually no correlated variability. Our findings suggest a refinement of current models of cortical microcircuit architecture and function: Either adjacent neurons share only a few percent of their inputs or, alternatively, their activity is actively decorrelated.},
author = {Ecker, Alexander S and Berens, Philipp and Keliris, Georgios A and Bethge, Matthias and Logothetis, Nikos K and Tolias, Andreas S},
institution = {Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 T\"{u}bingen, Germany.},
issn = {0036-8075},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5965},
pages = {584--587},
pmid = {20110506},
title = {{Decorrelated neuronal firing in cortical microcircuits.}},
volume = {327},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Navratilova2012,
abstract = {We present a model that describes the generation of the spatial (grid fields) and temporal (phase precession) properties of medial entorhinal cortical (MEC) neurons by combining network and intrinsic cellular properties. The model incorporates network architecture derived from earlier attractor map models, and is implemented in 1D for simplicity. Periodic driving of conjunctive (position head-direction) layer-III MEC cells at theta frequency with intensity proportional to the rat's speed, moves an 'activity bump' forward in network space at a corresponding speed. The addition of prolonged excitatory currents and simple after-spike dynamics resembling those observed in MEC stellate cells (for which new data are presented) accounts for both phase precession and the change in scale of grid fields along the dorso-ventral axis of MEC. Phase precession in the model depends on both synaptic connectivity and intrinsic currents, each of which drive neural spiking either during entry into, or during exit out of a grid field. Thus, the model predicts that the slope of phase precession changes between entry into and exit out of the field. The model also exhibits independent variation in grid spatial period and grid field size, which suggests possible experimental tests of the model.},
author = {Navratilova, Zaneta and Giocomo, Lisa M and Fellous, Jean-Marc and Hasselmo, Michael E and McNaughton, Bruce L},
journal = {Hippocampus},
number = {4},
pages = {772--789},
title = {{Phase precession and variable spatial scaling in a periodic attractor map model of medial entorhinal grid cells with realistic after-spike dynamics.}},
url = {http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed\&id=21484936\&retmode=ref\&cmd=prlinks},
volume = {22},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Simon2002,
abstract = {To identify subdivisions of the human parietal cortex, we collected fMRI data while ten subjects performed six tasks: grasping, pointing, saccades, attention, calculation, and phoneme detection. Examination of task intersections revealed a systematic anterior-to-posterior organization of activations associated with grasping only, grasping and pointing, all visuomotor tasks, attention and saccades, and saccades only. Calculation yielded two distinct activations: one unique to calculation in the bilateral anterior IPS mesial to the supramarginal gyrus and the other shared with phoneme detection in the left IPS mesial to the angular gyrus. These results suggest human homologs of the monkey areas AIP, MIP, V6A, and LIP and imply a large cortical expansion of the inferior parietal lobule correlated with the development of human language and calculation abilities.},
author = {Simon, Olivier and Mangin, Jean Fran\c{c}ois and Cohen, Laurent and {Le Bihan}, Denis and Dehaene, Stanislas},
issn = {0896-6273},
journal = {Neuron},
keywords = {Adult,Animals,Attention,Attention: physiology,Brain Mapping,Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Female,Haplorhini,Humans,Language,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Models, Anatomic,Movement,Movement: physiology,Parietal Lobe,Parietal Lobe: anatomy \& histology,Parietal Lobe: physiology,Saccades,Thinking,Thinking: physiology},
month = jan,
number = {3},
pages = {475--87},
pmid = {11832233},
title = {{Topographical layout of hand, eye, calculation, and language-related areas in the human parietal lobe.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832233},
volume = {33},
year = {2002}
}
@article{thalburst,
abstract = {Considerable effort has gone into understanding the mechanisms underlying high-frequency 'bursting' of thalamocortical impulses, their sensory information content and their involvement in perception. However, little is known about the influence of such impulses on their cortical targets. Here we follow bursting thalamic impulses to their terminus at the thalamocortical synapse of the awake rabbit, and examine their influence on a class of somatosensory cortical neurons. We show that thalamic bursts potently activate cortical circuits. Initial impulses of each burst have a greatly enhanced ability to elicit cortical action potentials, and later impulses in the burst further raise the probability of eliciting spikes. In some cases, multiple cortical spikes result from a single burst. Moreover, we show that the interval preceding each burst is crucial for generating the enhanced cortical response. The powerful activation of neocortex by thalamocortical bursts is fully consistent with an involvement of these impulses in perceptual/attentional processes.},
author = {Swadlow, H A and Gusev, A G},
doi = {10.1038/86054},
issn = {1097-6256},
journal = {Nature neuroscience},
keywords = {thalamocortical},
month = apr,
number = {4},
pages = {402--408},
pmid = {11276231},
title = {{The impact of 'bursting' thalamic impulses at a neocortical synapse.}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/86054},
volume = {4},
year = {2001}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011d,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{actdep1,
abstract = {Learning and memory arise through activity-dependent modifications of neural circuits. Although the activity dependence of synaptic efficacy has been studied extensively, less is known about how activity shapes the intrinsic electrical properties of neurons. Lobster stomatogastric ganglion neurons fire in bursts when receiving synaptic and modulatory input but fire tonically when pharmacologically isolated. Long-term isolation in culture changed their intrinsic activity from tonic firing to burst firing. Rhythmic stimulation reversed this transition through a mechanism that was mediated by a rise in intracellular calcium concentration. These data suggest that neurons regulate their conductances to maintain stable activity patterns and that the intrinsic properties of a neuron depend on its recent history of activation.},
author = {Turrigiano and Abbott, L F and Marder, E},
journal = {Science},
keywords = { Animals, Calcium, Cells: Cultured, Egtazic Electric Electrophysiology, Ganglia: Invertebrate, Membrane Nephropidae, Neurites, Neurons Potentials, Stimulation, Synapses,Acid},
month = may,
number = {5161},
pages = {974--977},
pmid = {8178157},
title = {{Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons}},
volume = {264},
year = {1994}
}
@article{Ward1997,
author = {Ward, Jamie and Huckstep, Brett and Tsakanikos, Elias},
journal = {Cognition},
pages = {264--280},
title = {{SOUND-COLOUR SYNAESTHESIA : TO WHAT EXTENT DOES IT USE CROSS-MODAL MECHANISMS COMMON TO US ALL?}},
volume = {42},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Watanabe1998,
abstract = {There has been a good deal of controversy over whether attention influences area V1-the first cortical area onto which information from the retina is projected. Attention to motion has been found to modulate monkey area MT and the human homolog of MT/MST. Here we show that activation of V1 by attention to motion is task dependent. Our stimulus consisted of a group of translating random dots superimposed over another group of random dots executing expansion motion. Subjects were instructed to pay attention selectively to the translation, expansion, or neither in particular (passive condition). The activity in the human MT/MST homolog measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was significantly higher in both the translation and the expansion conditions than in the passive condition, while the activity in area V1 was significantly higher only in the translation condition. These results show that attention to motion modulates area V1, and more interestingly that high-level cognitive processing such as attention may directly or indirectly determine the retroactive extent of feedback within the motion pathway in a manner dependent on the type of motion attended.},
author = {Watanabe, T and Harner, a M and Miyauchi, S and Sasaki, Y and Nielsen, M and Palomo, D and Mukai, I},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Watanabe et al. - 1998 - Task-dependent influences of attention on the activation of human primary visual cortex.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
keywords = {Cognition,Cognition: physiology,Eye Movements,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Motion Perception,Motion Perception: physiology,Photic Stimulation,Photic Stimulation: methods,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology,Visual Perception,Visual Perception: physiology},
month = sep,
number = {19},
pages = {11489--92},
pmid = {9736764},
title = {{Task-dependent influences of attention on the activation of human primary visual cortex.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=21670\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {95},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Coombes2005,
abstract = {Neural field models of firing rate activity have had a major impact in helping to develop an understanding of the dynamics seen in brain slice preparations. These models typically take the form of integro-differential equations. Their non-local nature has led to the development of a set of analytical and numerical tools for the study of waves, bumps and patterns, based around natural extensions of those used for local differential equation models. In this paper we present a review of such techniques and show how recent advances have opened the way for future studies of neural fields in both one and two dimensions that can incorporate realistic forms of axo-dendritic interactions and the slow intrinsic currents that underlie bursting behaviour in single neurons.},
author = {Coombes, Stephen},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Coombes - 2005 - Waves, bumps, and patterns in neural field theories.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. stephen.coombes@nottingham.ac.uk},
journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,functional laterality,models,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neural inhibition,neurological,neurons,neurons physiology,nonlinear dynamics},
number = {2},
pages = {91--108},
publisher = {Springer},
title = {{Waves, bumps, and patterns in neural field theories.}},
url = {http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/153/},
volume = {93},
year = {2005}
}
@article{Diba2008,
abstract = {The hippocampus provides a spatial map of the environment. Changes in the environment alter the firing patterns of hippocampal neurons, but are presumably constrained by elements of the network dynamics. We compared the neural activity in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in rats running for water reward on a linear track, before and after the track length was shortened. A fraction of cells lost their place fields and new sets of cells with fields emerged, indicating distinct representation of the two tracks. Cells active in both environments shifted their place fields in a location-dependent manner, most notably at the beginning and the end of the track. Furthermore, peak firing rates and place-field sizes decreased, whereas place-field overlap and coactivity increased. Power in the theta-frequency band of the local field potentials also decreased in both CA1 and CA3, along with the coherence between the two structures. In contrast, the theta-scale (0-150 ms) time lags between cell pairs, representing distances on the tracks, were conserved, and the activity of the inhibitory neuron population was maintained across environments. We interpret these observations as reflecting the freedoms and constraints of the hippocampal network dynamics. The freedoms permit the necessary flexibility for the network to distinctly represent unique patterns, whereas the dynamics constrain the speed at which activity propagates between the cell assemblies representing the patterns.},
author = {Diba, Kamran and Buzs\'{a}ki, Gy\"{o}rgy},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. diba@rutgers.edu},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {animals,hippocampus,hippocampus physiology,male,memory,memory physiology,nerve net,nerve net physiology,neuronal plasticity,neuronal plasticity physiology,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,spatial behavior,spatial behavior physiology,sprague dawley,theta rhythm,time},
number = {50},
pages = {13448--13456},
publisher = {Soc Neuroscience},
title = {{Hippocampal network dynamics constrain the time lag between pyramidal cells across modified environments.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074018},
volume = {28},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Griffin2007,
abstract = {Although it is well known that hippocampal neurons code spatial information, it is less clear how these spatial representations are influenced by memory demands, especially in hippocampus-dependent tasks. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated that hippocampal spatial representations are influenced by mnemonic factors in a T-maze continuous alternation task. Another unique experimental approach that might reveal the ways in which task-related factors impact hippocampal spatial representations is to compare firing patterns between events that require distinct episodic memory processes. Therefore, we recorded from CA1 single neurons during a discrete trial delayed-nonmatch-to-place task that allowed within-trial comparison between an encoding (sample) phase and a retrieval (choice) phase. A large subset of neurons that fired on the central stem of the maze showed dramatic selectivity for either the sample or choice phase of the trial. However, surprisingly, there were fewer neurons that showed differential firing rates between left- and right-bound trajectories. Our results suggest that trial-phase-selective coding is common in tasks that require rapid alternation between encoding and retrieval processes.},
author = {Griffin, Amy L and Eichenbaum, Howard and Hasselmo, Michael E},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4083-06.2007},
institution = {Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. amygriff@bu.edu},
isbn = {1529-2401 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0270-6474 (Linking)},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {9},
pages = {2416--2423},
pmid = {17329440},
title = {{Spatial representations of hippocampal CA1 neurons are modulated by behavioral context in a hippocampus-dependent memory task.}},
volume = {27},
year = {2007}
}
@article{retmod,
author = {Hennig, Matthias and Adams, Christopher and Willshaw, David and Sernagor, Evelyne},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience},
pages = {1077--1086},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
title = {{Early-stage retinal waves arise close to a critical state between local and global functional network connectivity}},
url = {http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/mhennig/waves},
volume = {29(4)},
year = {2009}
}
@article{Hesselmann2008,
abstract = {Neural variability in responding to identical repeated stimuli has been related to trial-by-trial fluctuations in ongoing activity, yet the neural and perceptual consequences of these fluctuations remain poorly understood. Using functional neuroimaging, we recorded brain activity in subjects who reported perceptual decisions on an ambiguous figure, Rubin's vase-faces picture, which was briefly presented at variable intervals of > or = 20 s. Prestimulus activity in the fusiform face area, a cortical region preferentially responding to faces, was higher when subjects subsequently perceived faces instead of the vase. This finding suggests that endogenous variations in prestimulus neuronal activity biased subsequent perceptual inference. Furnishing evidence that evoked sensory responses, we then went on to show that the pre- and poststimulus activity interact in a nonlinear way and the ensuing perceptual decisions depend upon the prestimulus context in which they occur.},
author = {Hesselmann, Guido and Kell, Christian a and Eger, Evelyn and Kleinschmidt, Andreas},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.0712043105},
issn = {1091-6490},
journal = {PNAS},
keywords = {Adult,Brain,Brain: metabolism,Brain: physiology,Discrimination (Psychology),Discrimination (Psychology): physiology,Evoked Potentials,Face,Female,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Optical Illusions,Optical Illusions: physiology,Pattern Recognition,Photic Stimulation,Time Factors,Visual,Visual: physiology},
month = aug,
number = {31},
pages = {10984--9},
pmid = {18664576},
title = {{Spontaneous local variations in ongoing neural activity bias perceptual decisions.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2504783\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {105},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lubenov2009,
abstract = {Theta oscillations clock hippocampal activity during awake behaviour and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. These oscillations are prominent in the local field potential, and they also reflect the subthreshold membrane potential and strongly modulate the spiking of hippocampal neurons. The prevailing view is that theta oscillations are synchronized throughout the hippocampus, despite the lack of conclusive experimental evidence. In contrast, here we show that in freely behaving rats, theta oscillations in area CA1 are travelling waves that propagate roughly along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Furthermore, we find that spiking in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer is modulated in a consistent travelling wave pattern. Our results demonstrate that theta oscillations pattern hippocampal activity not only in time, but also across anatomical space. The presence of travelling waves indicates that the instantaneous output of the hippocampus is topographically organized and represents a segment, rather than a point, of physical space.},
author = {Lubenov, Evgueniy V and Siapas, Athanassios G},
institution = {Division of Biology, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. lubenov@caltech.edu},
journal = {Nature},
keywords = {action potentials,animals,hippocampus,hippocampus cytology,hippocampus physiology,long evans,male,models,neurological,pyramidal cells,pyramidal cells physiology,rats,theta rhythm},
number = {7246},
pages = {534--539},
pmid = {19489117},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
title = {{Hippocampal theta oscillations are travelling waves.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19489117},
volume = {459},
year = {2009}
}
@article{O'Neill2013,
abstract = {The rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for spatial working memory (SWM), but the underlying neural processes are incompletely understood. During SWM tasks, neural activity in the mPFC becomes synchronized with theta oscillations in the hippocampus, and the strength of hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony is correlated with behavioral performance. However, to what extent the mPFC generates theta oscillations and whether they are also modulated by SWM remains unclear. Furthermore, it is not known how theta oscillations in the mPFC are synchronized with theta oscillations in the hippocampus. Although the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) projects directly to the mPFC, previous studies have only examined synchrony between the mPFC and the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), with which it is not directly connected. To address these issues, we recorded simultaneously from the dHPC, vHPC, and mPFC of mice performing a SWM task in a T-maze. The local field potential recorded in the mPFC displayed robust theta oscillations that were reflected in local measures of neuronal activity and modulated by SWM performance. mPFC theta oscillations were also synchronized with theta oscillations in both the vHPC and dHPC, and the magnitude of theta synchrony was modulated by SWM. Removing the influence of the vHPC either computationally (through partial correlations) or experimentally (through pharmacological inactivation) reduced theta synchrony between the mPFC and dHPC. These results reveal theta oscillations as a prominent feature of neural activity in the mPFC and a candidate neural mechanism underlying SWM. Furthermore, our results suggest that the vHPC plays a major role in synchronizing theta oscillations in the mPFC and the hippocampus.},
author = {O'Neill, Pia-Kelsey and Gordon, Joshua a and Sigurdsson, Torfi},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2378-13.2013},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
number = {35},
pages = {14211--24},
pmid = {23986255},
title = {{Theta oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex are modulated by spatial working memory and synchronize with the hippocampus through its ventral subregion.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986255},
volume = {33},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Renart2010,
abstract = {Correlated spiking is often observed in cortical circuits, but its functional role is controversial. It is believed that correlations are a consequence of shared inputs between nearby neurons and could severely constrain information decoding. Here we show theoretically that recurrent neural networks can generate an asynchronous state characterized by arbitrarily low mean spiking correlations despite substantial amounts of shared input. In this state, spontaneous fluctuations in the activity of excitatory and inhibitory populations accurately track each other, generating negative correlations in synaptic currents which cancel the effect of shared input. Near-zero mean correlations were seen experimentally in recordings from rodent neocortex in vivo. Our results suggest a reexamination of the sources underlying observed correlations and their functional consequences for information processing.},
author = {Renart, Alfonso and de la Rocha, Jaime and Bartho, Peter and Hollender, Liad and Parga, N\'{e}stor and Reyes, Alex and Harris, Kenneth D},
institution = {Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. arenart@andromeda.rutgers.edu},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
number = {5965},
pages = {587--590},
title = {{The asynchronous state in cortical circuits.}},
volume = {327},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Sato2012,
abstract = {Electrode recordings and imaging studies have revealed that localized visual stimuli elicit waves of activity that travel across primary visual cortex. Traveling waves are present also during spontaneous activity, but they can be greatly reduced by widespread and intensive visual stimulation. In this Review, we summarize the evidence in favor of these traveling waves. We suggest that their substrate may lie in long-range horizontal connections and that their functional role may involve the integration of information over large regions of space.},
author = {Sato, Tatsuo K and Nauhaus, Ian and Carandini, Matteo},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.029},
issn = {08966273},
journal = {Neuron},
number = {2},
pages = {218--229},
title = {{Traveling Waves in Visual Cortex}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627312005910},
volume = {75},
year = {2012}
}
@article{Schaefer2006,
abstract = {Although oscillations in membrane potential are a prominent feature of sensory, motor, and cognitive function, their precise role in signal processing remains elusive. Here we show, using a combination of in vivo, in vitro, and theoretical approaches, that both synaptically and intrinsically generated membrane potential oscillations dramatically improve action potential (AP) precision by removing the membrane potential variance associated with jitter-accumulating trains of APs. This increased AP precision occurred irrespective of cell type andat oscillation frequencies ranging from 3 to 65 Hzpermitted accurate discernment of up to 1,000 different stimuli. At low oscillation frequencies, stimulus discrimination showed a clear phase dependence whereby inputs arriving during the trough and the early rising phase of an oscillation cycle were most robustly discriminated. Thus, by ensuring AP precision, membrane potential oscillations dramatically enhance the discriminatory capabilities of individual neurons and networks of cells and provide one attractive explanation for their abundance in neurophysiological systems.},
author = {Schaefer, Andreas T and Angelo, Kamilla and Spors, Hartwig and Margrie, Troy W},
editor = {Mehta, Mayank},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Schaefer et al. - 2006 - Neuronal Oscillations Enhance Stimulus Discrimination by Ensuring Action Potential Precision.pdf:pdf},
institution = {Department of Physiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.},
journal = {PLoS Biology},
keywords = {action potentials,action potentials physiology,animals,electrophysiology,evoked potentials,female,male,mice,neurons,neurons physiology,olfactory bulb,olfactory bulb cytology,pattern recognition,physiological},
number = {6},
pages = {e163},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{Neuronal Oscillations Enhance Stimulus Discrimination by Ensuring Action Potential Precision}},
url = {http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/9674/},
volume = {4},
year = {2006}
}
@misc{TheMendeleySupportTeam2011r,
abstract = {A quick introduction to Mendeley. Learn how Mendeley creates your personal digital library, how to organize and annotate documents, how to collaborate and share with colleagues, and how to generate citations and bibliographies.},
address = {London},
author = {{The Mendeley Support Team}},
booktitle = {Mendeley Desktop},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/The Mendeley Support Team - 2011 - Getting Started with Mendeley.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {Mendeley,how-to,user manual},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Mendeley Ltd.},
title = {{Getting Started with Mendeley}},
url = {http://www.mendeley.com},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Thomas2004,
abstract = {Four studies examined (a) how event-related potentials (ERPs) change as the number of trials averaged increases and (b) the statistical implications of comparing ERPs composed of different numbers of trials. Experiment 1 utilized data from 7-year-old children performing an oddball task. The other three experiments used simulated data with different distributions of P3 peak latency. In all 4 experiments, peak amplitude decreased and the mean amplitude of the 300 to 900 msec interval remained stable as the number of trials averaged increased. The standard deviations of both measures decreased. These data show that the decrease in peak amplitude with increasing numbers of trials that has been found in other studies is not solely due to the elimination of residual noise but is likely to also involve a fundamental aspect of signal averaging and the algorithm used to select peaks. Furthermore, these experiments expose the possibility of statistical errors when investigators compare average ERPs composed of small versus large numbers of trials as is often done when the oddball paradigm is used.},
author = {Thomas, David G and Grice, James W and Najm-Briscoe, Rima G and Miller, Janice Williams},
institution = {Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA. psycdgt@okstate.edu},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
keywords = {acoustic stimulation,acoustic stimulation methods,attention,attention physiology,auditory,auditory physiology,child,computer simulation,discrimination learning,discrimination learning physiology,electroencephalography,electroencephalography methods,evoked potentials,female,humans,male,reaction time,time factors},
number = {3},
pages = {753--774},
pmid = {15525568},
title = {{The influence of unequal numbers of trials on comparisons of average event-related potentials.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15525568},
volume = {26},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Palm2014,
abstract = {Donald Hebb's concept of cell assemblies is a physiology-based idea for a distributed neural representation of behaviorally relevant objects, concepts, or constellations. In the late 70s Valentino Braitenberg started the endeavor to spell out the hypothesis that the cerebral cortex is the structure where cell assemblies are formed, maintained and used, in terms of neuroanatomy (which was his main concern) and also neurophysiology. This endeavor has been carried on over the last 30 years corroborating most of his findings and interpretations. This paper summarizes the present state of cell assembly theory, realized in a network of associative memories, and of the anatomical evidence for its location in the cerebral cortex.},
author = {Palm, G\"{u}nther and Knoblauch, Andreas and Hauser, Florian and Sch\"{u}z, Almut},
journal = {Biological Cybernetics},
keywords = {Associative memory,Brain theory,Cell assemblies,Cerebral cortex,Synaptic plasticity},
pmid = {24692024},
title = {{Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortex}},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Panzeri2014,
abstract = {The precise timing of action potentials of sensory neurons relative to the time of stimulus presentation carries substantial sensory information that is lost or degraded when these responses are summed over longer time windows. However, it is unclear whether and how downstream networks can access information in precise time-varying neural responses. Here, we review approaches to test the hypothesis that the activity of neural populations provides the temporal reference frames needed to decode temporal spike patterns. These approaches are based on comparing the single-trial stimulus discriminability obtained from neural codes defined with respect to network-intrinsic reference frames to the discriminability obtained from codes defined relative to the experimenter's computer clock. Application of this formalism to auditory, visual and somatosensory data shows that information carried by millisecond-scale spike times can be decoded robustly even with little or no independent external knowledge of stimulus time. In cortex, key components of such intrinsic temporal reference frames include dedicated neural populations that signal stimulus onset with reliable and precise latencies, and low-frequency oscillations that can serve as reference for partitioning extended neuronal responses into informative spike patterns.},
author = {Panzeri, Stefano and Ince, Robin a a and Diamond, Mathew E and Kayser, Christoph},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
keywords = {biomechanics,neuroscience,theoretical biology},
number = {1637},
pages = {20120467},
pmid = {24446501},
title = {{Reading spike timing without a clock: intrinsic decoding of spike trains.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3895992\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {369},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Reifenstein2014,
abstract = {As a rat moves, grid cells in its entorhinal cortex (EC) discharge at multiple locations of the external world, and the firing fields of each grid cell span a hexagonal lattice. For movements on linear tracks, spikes tend to occur at successively earlier phases of the theta-band filtered local field potential during the traversal of a firing field - a phenomenon termed phase precession. The complex movement patterns observed in two-dimensional (2D) open-field environments may fundamentally alter phase precession. To study this question at the behaviorally relevant single-run level, we analyzed EC spike patterns as a function of the distance traveled by the rat along each trajectory. This analysis revealed that cells across all EC layers fire spikes that phase-precess; indeed, the rate and extent of phase precession were the same, only the correlation between spike phase and path length was weaker in EC layer III. Both slope and correlation of phase precession were surprisingly similar on linear tracks and in 2D open-field environments despite strong differences in the movement statistics, including running speed. While the phase-precession slope did not correlate with the average running speed, it did depend on specific properties of the animal's path. The longer a curving path through a grid-field in a 2D environment, the shallower was the rate of phase precession, while runs that grazed a grid field tangentially led to a steeper phase-precession slope than runs through the field center. Oscillatory interference models for grid cells do not reproduce the observed phenomena.},
author = {Reifenstein, Eric and Stemmler, Martin and Herz, Andreas V M and Kempter, Richard and Schreiber, Susanne},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Reifenstein et al. - 2014 - Movement dependence and layer specificity of entorhinal phase precession in two-dimensional environments.pdf:pdf},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = {6},
pmid = {24959748},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{Movement dependence and layer specificity of entorhinal phase precession in two-dimensional environments}},
volume = {9},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Samsonovich1997,
abstract = {A minimal synaptic architecture is proposed for how the brain might perform path integration by computing the next internal representation of self-location from the current representation and from the perceived velocity of motion. In the model, a place-cell assembly called a "chart" contains a two-dimensional attractor set called an "attractor map" that can be used to represent coordinates in any arbitrary environment, once associative binding has occurred between chart locations and sensory inputs. In hippocampus, there are different spatial relations among place fields in different environments and behavioral contexts. Thus, the same units may participate in many charts, and it is shown that the number of uncorrelated charts that can be encoded in the same recurrent network is potentially quite large. According to this theory, the firing of a given place cell is primarily a cooperative effect of the activity of its neighbors on the currently active chart. Therefore, it is not particularly useful to think of place cells as encoding any particular external object or event. Because of its recurrent connections, hippocampal field CA3 is proposed as a possible location for this "multichart" architecture; however, other implementations in anatomy would not invalidate the main concepts. The model is implemented numerically both as a network of integrate-and-fire units and as a "macroscopic" (with respect to the space of states) description of the system, based on a continuous approximation defined by a system of stochastic differential equations. It provides an explanation for a number of hitherto perplexing observations on hippocampal place fields, including doubling, vanishing, reshaping in distorted environments, acquiring directionality in a two-goal shuttling task, rapid formation in a novel environment, and slow rotation after disorientation. The model makes several new predictions about the expected properties of hippocampal place cells and other cells of the proposed network.},
author = {Samsonovich, A and McNaughton, B L},
institution = {Arizona Research Laboratories Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85749, USA.},
issn = {0270-6474},
journal = {J Neurosci},
number = {15},
pages = {5900--5920},
pmid = {9221787},
title = {{Path integration and cognitive mapping in a continuous attractor neural network model.}},
volume = {17},
year = {1997}
}
@article{Sippy2013,
abstract = {Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons have been extensively studied but their contribution to circuit dynamics remain poorly understood. Although it has been suggested that interneurons, especially those belonging to the same subclass, synchronize their activity and impart this synchrony onto their local network, recent theoretical and experimental work have challenged this view. To better understand the activity of interneurons during cortical activity, we combined molecular identification, two-photon imaging, and electrophysiological recordings in thalamocortical slices from mouse somatosensory cortex. Using calcium imaging to monitor cortical activity, we found low spiking correlations among parvalbumin or somatostatin interneurons during cortical UP states, indicating that interneurons do not synchronize their firing. Intracellular recordings confirmed that nearby interneurons do not display more synchronous spiking than excitatory cells. The lack of interneuron synchrony was also evident during slow oscillations, even among interneurons that were electrically coupled via gap junctions, suggesting that their coupling does not function to synchronize their activity. Using voltage-clamp recordings from nearby pyramidal cells, we found that inhibitory currents (IPSCs) are more correlated than excitatory ones, but that correlated IPSCs arise from the activation of common presynaptic inhibitory cells, rather than from synchronization of interneuron activity. Finally, we demonstrate that pharmacologically reducing inhibitory currents increases correlated excitatory activity. We conclude that inhibitory interneurons do not have synchronous activity during UP states, and that their function may be to decorrelate rather than to synchronize the firing of neurons within the local network.},
author = {Sippy, Tanya and Yuste, Rafael},
issn = {1529-2401},
journal = {J Neurosci},
keywords = {Action Potentials,Action Potentials: physiology,Animals,Female,Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials,Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials: physiology,Male,Mice,Neocortex,Neocortex: physiology,Nerve Net,Nerve Net: physiology,Neural Inhibition,Neural Inhibition: physiology,Newborn,Transgenic},
number = {23},
pages = {9813--30},
pmid = {23739978},
title = {{Decorrelating action of inhibition in neocortical networks.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3715137\&tool=pmcentrez\&rendertype=abstract},
volume = {33},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Wallace2010,
abstract = {Although we know enormous amounts of detailed information about the neurons that make up the cortex, placing this information back into the context of the behaving animal is a serious challenge. The functional cell assembly hypothesis first described by Hebb (The Organization of Behavior; a Neuropsychological Theory. New York: Wiley; 1949) aimed to provide a mechanistic explanation of how groups of neurons, acting together, form a percept. The vast number of neurons potentially involved make testing this hypothesis exceedingly difficult as neither the number nor locations of assembly members are known. Although increasing the number of neurons from which simultaneous recordings are made is of benefit, providing evidence for or against a hypothesis like Hebb's requires more than this. In this review, we aim to outline some recent technical advances, which may light the way in the chase for the functional cell assembly. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.},
author = {Wallace, Damian J. and Kerr, Jason N D},
journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
number = {3},
pages = {296--305},
pmid = {20545018},
title = {{Chasing the cell assembly}},
volume = {20},
year = {2010}
}
@article{Wikenheiser2015,
author = {Wikenheiser, Andrew M and Redish, a David},
doi = {10.1016/j.conb.2014.10.002},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/Angus/Downloads/1-s2.0-S0959438814002025-main.pdf:pdf},
issn = {09594388},
journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
month = jun,
pages = {8--15},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Decoding the cognitive map: ensemble hippocampal sequences and decision making}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959438814002025},
volume = {32},
year = {2015}
}
